3n 




Oass 

GD]5yiightN°_ 



COratlCHT DEPOSm 



^- 



East Coast EditioJL 
63 Illustrations. Price 25 Cents. 



^- 




t:ORfWBION-AI 

lAJiL-POINfS-fflMfeilS.. 



Mi 



Publishers: E. H. REYNOLDS. St. Augustine; C. B. REYNOLDS, 318 Broadway. N. Y. i| 



For Ready Reference Guide see fourth page from cover. 

Copyright, 1894, by E. H. Reynolds- All rights reserved. 



Standard Gtiidc Advertiser. 



GOING NORTH Q 
THIS SEASON ; 



Make It a 
Pleasure Trip 

by 

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OCEAN STEAMSHIP COHPANY. 



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^VV^/^/^/^/v■^ 



THE FLEET. * 



KAJfSAS CITY. TALLAHASSEE. 

CITY OF BIRMrNGHAM. CHATTAHOOCHEE. 

CITY OF AUGUSTA. NACOOCHEE. 



CITV OF MACON. 

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* 



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circulars also at the ^^ Standard Guide" Jn/ormation Bureau^ St. Augustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



A Beautiful and Better Route. 

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Only 28 1-2 hours between New York and Jacksonville, 

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NEW YORK: «9 Broadway. 
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Pennsylvania R. R. Ticket Office. 



AGENCIES: 

BOSTON: «8 Washington St 
WASHINGTON: 1300 Pennsylvania Ave 



JACKSONVILLE, FU.: 91 West Bay St. 

Also any coupon ticket office in Florida, South Carolina, Georgia or elsewhere in the United States. 

W. H. GREEN, General Manager, SOL. HAAS, Traffic Ma.vacek, J. M. GULP, Ass't Traffic Ma.nacsr, 
Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C. Washington, D. C. 



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General Passencfr Agent, 
Washington, D. C. 



S. H. HARDWICK, W. H. TAYLOE, 

Ass't General Passenger Agent, District Passenger Agent, 

Atlanta, Ga. Atlanta, Ga. 



Circulars also at the '^Standard Guide' In/ortHatioH Bureau^ St. Aucustine. 



READY REFERENCE GUIDE. 

For Map of St. Augustine see page 25. 

ST. AUGUSTINE is .t well-equipped modern city. It lias asplialt pavements, gas and electric 
lights, artesian water system, fire department, new municipal buildings, well-stocked markets and 
stores, elegant churches, an increasing number of residences, and palatial hotels which are famous the 
world over and on whcse registers are written the names of more than 50,000 guests every winter and 
spring. It is the fashionable winter resort of the United States. Visitors find here every convenience 
and luxurv. The town is renowned for its healthfulness, the climate is equable and has given lease of 
life to thousands who have come hither from the North and West. 

SITUATED on a narrow strip of land running north and south, the town has in front (on the east) 
the Matanzas River or bay. Across the bay is Anastasia Island; and beyond that — two miles distant 
— the ocean. 

RAILWAYS. All trains leave from Union Depot. Conveyance from depot to any part of town, 
25 cents; baggage, 25 cents per piece. 

HOTELS, of which announcements will be found in our advertising pages, are: Magnolia, St. 
George street. Florida, St. Ceorge street. Valencia, St. George street. Barcelona, Carrere street. 
Abbey, St. George street. St. George, St. George street. La Borde, Marine street. 

MAILS. The post office is on St. George street, facing the Plaza. General delivery hours, S A. M. 
to 6 P. M. Mail time to New York, thirty hours; to Chicago, forty hours. 

TELEGRAPH OFFICES, .\lcazar. Hotel Ponce de Leon and Hotel San Marco. 
EXPRESS. .Southern Express Co.; office, Nos. 31 and 33 .\lcazar, Cordova street. 
BANK. First National Bank, north side of Plaza. Hours, y .\. M. to 2 P. M. 
CHURCHES. Episcopalian— Trinity Church, facing Plaza. Services, 11 A. M., 7:30 P. M. 
Methodist — l^race Church, Cordova and Carrire streets. Services, 11 A. M., 7:30 P. M. 
Presbyterian — Memorial Church, Valencia street. Services, 11 A. M., 7:30 P. M. 
Roman Catholic — Church facing Plaza on the north. Services, 6:30, 8:30, 10:30 A. M., 4 P. M. 
PUBLIC LIBRARY. St. George street, in post office building. Non-residents may borrow 
books free of charge. 

STUDIOS. Valencia street. Hotel Ponce de Leon. No. i. George \V. Seavey. No. 2, F. H. 
Slapleigh. No. 3, W. Staples Drown. No. 4, Miss Maria A'Becket. No. 5, Miss L. Woodward. 
No. 6, Felix de Crano. No. 7, M. J. Heade. 

[Continued on second page beyond.] 




7CU4^ 






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Ready Reference Guide — Continued. 



MUSEUMS. Dr. Vedder's Florida Museum (on Marine, corner Treasury street) is well worth visit- 
ing; its extensive collections of land and marine life are of decided merit and well repay the attention 
of those who are interested in natural history. The Florida Museum and ZoSlogical Garden is between 
the City Gate and Fort Marion. No visitor should fail to see the famous collection of old Spanish 
relics. The animals are fed at 10 A. M. and 4 P. M. The children should obtain season tickets, as 
new specimens of natural history are constantly being added. 

ST. AUGUSTINE YACHT CLUB. Com., E. .\. Douglass, of New York. Club house. 
Sea-wall and Central Wharf. 

POINTS OF INTEREST. 

FORT MARION is open to the public through the day. The custodian will on request conduct 
parties through the Fort. The Fort is built of coquina, the natural shell stone of the locality. The 
Fort was completed by the Spaniards in 1756. For full description see pages 51-67. 

THE CITY GATEWAY is at the head of St. George street. It is built of coquina. In old 
times the gates were barred at night and the drawbridge was raised. For full description see pages 44-46. 

THE PLAZA, or park, is in the center of the town. For an account of the curious Monument of 
the Constilulion see page 40, and for that of the old Plaza market (which never was a slave market) see 
page 48. The old Cathedral was built by the Spaniards, and was finished in 1791. Rebuilt and 
enlarged in 1S87-8S. See page 50. 

THE SEA WALL was built by the United States Government in 1S35-42. .See page 68. 

THE ST. FRANCIS BARRACKS at the south end of the Sea Wall are occupied by U. S. 
troops. In the Military Cemetery, adjoining, are the tombs of Major Dade and others who were killed 
in the Seminole War. See pages 70-71; and for notes on Seminole War, page 62. 

HARBOR AND BEACHES. Small steam craft ply between wharves and beaches and other 
points, and may be chartered for excursions. Sailing boats and rowboats are for hire by the hour or 
day. A ferry crosses to South Beach and the Liglithouse. 

Have yott seen the Coquina Edition of 




Old St. Augustine'' 



with its inii(j2ie cover? 
At all book stores and 



news 



stands, i i ^ 



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COPYRIGHT, 1P94, BV E. H. REYNOLDS- 



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STEINWAY 



GRAND 
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The recognized Standard Pianos of the world, pre-eminently the best instruments at present made, 

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***** 3>8 Boylston Street. 



IVi/I Open her store yamiary 20th, 

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ii Imported Millinery^ W> 

FOX STKEET, CARRIAGE AXD EVEXhXG WEAK. 

Also Yachtinor^ Tennis and Tourist Hats. 

Latest Importations in Veils and Veilings. 

Strict/}' High Grade Mourning Goods in Crepe, Nuns Veiling, 
Grenadine and Brussels Net. 

circulars also at the ^'Standard Guiiie" In/ormati'on Iiurf<iu. St Aui^usline 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 

F. W. DEVOE & CO., 

FULTON STREET, Cor. AVILLIAM, NEW YORK. 

(Established 1852.) 
MANUFACTURERS OF 



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Artists' Materials ol F. W. Devoe & Co.'s manufacture can be had of all first-class dealers throughout the United States. 



THE BIG FOUR ROUTE. 

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AND AIX POINT.S WEST AND NORTHWEST. 

SOLID VESTIBULED TRAINS— Wagner Sleeping Cars, Private Compartment Sleeping 
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For full information call on nearest Ticket Agent or address 

E. O. McCORniC, Passenger Traffic Manager, riNCINN^T! O 

D. B. MARTIN, General Passenger and Ticket Agt., V^11>V-^I1>1^''^ « '» '-'• 




I-X- V----'.- T '3 



RUINS OF THE CITY GATEWAY. 
See Page 44. 



The Standard Guide 



ST. AUGUSTINE 



^/ 

By CHARLES H. REYNOLDS 



ILLUSTRATED 







ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA 
E. H. REYNOLDS 

Copyright, iSg4, nv E. H. Reynolds 



TO THE READER. 

THE STANDARD GUIDE is intended to give such 
practical information and intelligent descriptions as 
it is hoped may add to the convenience and pleasure of the 
tourist in St. Augustine. 

The present edition appears in an enlarged form, with 
text revised to date, and much new material, including a 
description of the Hotel Ponce de Leon. The generous 
list of illustrations given in former editions has also been 
enlarged. 

If this little book be not cast aside, its prose and pic- 
tures may in the future prove pleasant reminders of a visit 
to St. Augustine. 



St, 



r . -Vl^^ 




CONTENTS. 



St. Augustink, - 
HoTKL Ponce dk Leon, 
The City Oatewav, 
The Plaza, - 
Fort Marion, 
The Sea-\Vali,, 
St. Francis Kakracks, 
Harhor and Hkach, 
St. An astasia Island, 
As a Health RES(jRr, 
Floral Calendar, 
Gln and Rod, 



Tage 
9 

44 
47 
53 
68 

7° 

72 

• 76 
83 
86 
88 



viii Illustrations. 

Page 
Hotel Ponce de Leox, Grand Entrance, ■ - - - - 35 

Hotel Ponce de Leon, Ladies' Entrance, - - - - - 37 

Hotel Ponce de Leon, Roof Terrace, ----- 41 

Ruins of Gateway, from Without, - - - . . - 4- 

RuiNs OF Gateway, from the Northwest, ----- 46 

The Old Plaza Market, - - . . . . - 48 

Plaza Monument Inscription, ----.. 

The Plaza, ------.. 

The Cathedral. - - -. 

Fort Marion, from the Water Battery, - . . . 

Fort Marion, Plan, --..... 

Fort iL\RioN, Spanish Coat of Arms, - . . . . 

Fort Marion, Inclined Plane, --.... 

Fort Marion, Niche in Chapel, - - . _ . 

Fort Marion, A Casemate Door, ---... 



49 

50 

51 

53 

54 

55 

56 

- 58 

59 
Fort Marion, Sally-Port and Watch-Tower, - - - - - 60 

Fort Marion, Osceola, ------- 61 

Fort Marion, Coacoochee. - - . . . . - 61 

Fort Marion, Outline, --_..._ 

Fort Marion, Bastions and Bridge to Barbacan, 

Fort Marion, Northeast Tower. ------ 

Fort Marion, Southeast Tower, - . . - . - 65 

Fort Marion, General Marion, - » - - - - 66 

Fort Marion, Cannon on Northwest Glacis, - - - . - 67 

Fort Marion, from the North. ----.. 

Treasury Street, ---..._ 

St. Francis Barracks. --.--.. 



62 
6s 
6+ 



73 
69 



71 

Dade Monument, - - - - - - - 71 

The French at the River of Dolphins, ----- 73 

Ponce de Leon, - - . . . . . __, 

Shore of .St. Anastasia Island, ---_.. ^y 

Ruins of the M.\tanzas Fort. - - . - - . . jg 

Florida House, -----'--- 80 

St. George Street, - - - - . . . -81 

Aboriginal Mode of Huntinc; ,\lligators, - - . - . 83 

Hotel Royal Poinciana, - - . - - . 85 

An Ormond Drive, ---.-.. g- 

Shore at Rockledge. - . . . . . . -8q- 

Lake Worth, - - -,.... 



- - - 91 

Asheville, ----- _ . . n2 

•Aboriginal Mode of Deer Hunting, - - . . . 



93 



ST. AUGUSTINE. 




J^ORTIFICATION apt! defense were the first thought of 
the Spanish soldiers who founded St. Augustine; and 
they were careful to choose a site which should be a 

F[. ..HH • Ef stronghold. The situation of the town was ailmirably 

jHHTfc:^''- litted for such a purpose. St. Augustine is built on » 

r^^^^ /'• narrow strip of land running north and south. In 

front «n the east is the Matanzas River, in the rear on 
'f^^- the west flows the St. Sebastian. 

Distances in St. Augustine are not great. The chief points of interest are com- 
prised within an area of three-quarters of a mile in length; and the tourist who is 
provided with the St.-\ndari> Gviuk will need no other aid in finding his way. 

.•V sea-wall extends along the water front from Fori .Marion on the north to the 
United States barracks on the south. In the center of the town is an open square or 
park, called the Plaza. 

The principal streets run north and south; the cross streets at right angles, east 
and west. The main thoroughfare, St. George street, runs through the center of the 
town to the City Gate; from that point it is known as the Shell Road, extending north 
beyond the San Marco Hotel, 'i'reasury street, crossing St. George one block north 
of the Plaza, narrows at the east end to an alley, across which two persons may clasp 
hands. St. Francis street, at the southern extremity of St. George, was long famous 
for its ancient date palm, which was killed by the freeze of 1885. The Alameda 
extends west from the Plaza to the St. Sebastian River. 

Some of the street n-imes .-jrc suggestive of incidents in the town's rom.intic history. St. Francis 
commemorates the labors and self sacrilice of the Franciscan mission fathers, whose monastic institu- 
tion was on the site where the barracks now stand. Cuna and St. Ilypolita were given in the Spanish 
supremacy. St. George street was so called in honor of England's patron saint, and Charlotte was the 
name of the queen of King George III. OU St. Augustitu ?AaX.es that the name Treasury is from 
the Spanish term, which signified "the street where the treasurer lives." The treasure (/. e., funds for 
the soldiers' pay, etc.) was kept closely guarded in the fort. 

The narrow little streets, with their foreign names and foreign faces, their 
overhanging balconies and high garden walls, through whose open door one caught 



lO 



The Standard Guide. 



a glimpse of orange and fig and waving banana, were once among the quaint char- 
acteristics which made this old Florida town charming and peculiar among all Amer- 
ican cities. But the picturesque streets, of which tourists delighted to write, have 
almost ceased to be a pleasing feature of St. Augustine. Some of them have been 




ST. GEORGE STREET. 



widened; and others, shorn of their quaintness. are ill adapted to the swelling traffic 
of the " rush season." Reckless drivers crowd the pedestrian to the wall, and well 
may he sigh for the good old times when tradition says no wheeled vehicle was 
allowed in St. Augustine. 

The aspect of the town has been modified in other respects. The style of archi- 
tecture is undergoing a change; one by one the overhanging balconies are disappear- 
ing from the streets; high stone walls are replaced by picket fences and wire netting; 



A 



'^'//^^'^. 




CHARLOTTE STREET. 



12 



The Standard Guide. 







. -^f . 






'^-•1 



A STUDY IN ST. AUGUSTINE. 
Sketch from paintings by Louis C, Tiffany. 

moss-roofed houses have given way to smart shops; lattice gates are displaced by 
show windows and displays of bargains in ready-made clothing. 

Few of the old dwellings are remarkable for antiquity or peculiarity of construc- 
tion; their picturesque side is usually seen from the street. In former times most of 
the houses were of coquina, a natural shellstone quarried from Anastasia Island, but 
this has been superseded by wood and artificial concrete. 

To tear down and demolish has been the rule with foe and friend alike. Indian, Sea-King, Bou- 
canier, British invader — each in turn has scourged the town; and after the passing of each, it has risen 
again. If we may credit the testimony of visitors here, over St. Augustine has always hung an air of 
desolation and decay. After the successive changes of rulers, the new has alw-ays been built from the 
old. To use the coquina blocks from a dilapidated structure was less laborious than to hew out new 
material from the Anastasia quarries. In this manner were destroyed the coquina batteries, that in 
old times defended the southern line of the town. The stone from one of them was employed in build- 






. . '■-^. \ 




V , ■v'> '» 


H 




U 




< 







14 



The Standard Guide. 



ing the Franciscan convent, and thence it went into the foundation of the barracks, which rose on the 
convent site. Another lot of coquina passed through a like cycle of usefulness, from outskirt battery 
into parish church, and from parish church to the repair of the city gate. So universal, indeed, has 
been this process of tearing down the old to construct the new, that there are few edifices here to-day, 
concerning whose antiquity we have satisfactory evidence. Boston worships in churches more ancient 
than the cathedral; New Orleans markets are older than the disused one on the plaza; Salem wharves 




RUINS OF THE KING S FORGE. 



antedate the sea-wall; on the banks of the Connecticut, the Hudson and the Potomac stand dwellings 
more venerable than any here on the Matanzas. — Old St. Augustine, Later Years. 

The people met in the streets are not the picturesque beings described in the 
books of travel written fifty years ago. Most tourists expect to find here a Spanish 
population. They have a notion — zealously fostered by the stereotyped " Ancient 
City " letter in Northern newspapers — that inasmuch as St. Augustine was founded 
by the Spaniards there must be Spaniards here now. As a matter of fact, the swarthy 
Spaniard stalks through the streets no longer, save in the mushy imagination of femi- 



i6 



The Standard Guide. 



nine correspondents, who send gushing screeds to newspapers. The Spanish resi- 
dents emigrated when Florida was ceded to the United States seventy-five years ago. 
Lady Duffus Hardy professed to have found here in 1879 an "old Spaniard in his 
eighty-second year," who, she affirms, told her, " Ves, I've seen the British flag flying 
from the old fort, the Spanish banner flying; now we are under the eagle's wing, and 
the stars and stripes are fluttering over us." As the British flag ceased to "fly from 
the old fort" in 1783, or fifteen years before Lady Hardy's wonderful "old Spaniard " 
was born, he mu.st have beheld the Cross of St. George in some former state of being. 
A portion of the native population, distinguished by dark eyes and dark con > 




THE PLAZA BASIN. 



plexions, is composed of the Minorcans, but they are now an inconspicuous part of 
the winter throngs. They have given place to the multitudes from abroad; as their 
ancient coquina houses are making way for modern hotels and winter residences. 

\x\ 1769, during the British occupation, a colony of Minorcans and Majorcans 
were brought from the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea to New Smyrna, on 
the Indian River, south of St. Augustine. Deceived by Turnbull, the proprietor of 
the plantation, and subjected to gross privation and cruelty, the Minorcans at length 
appealed to the authorities of St. Augustine, were promised protection, deserted from 
New Smyrna in a body, came to St. Augustine, were defended against the claims of 
Turnbull, received an allotment of land in the town, built palmetto-thatched cottages, 
and remained here after the English emigrated. 




a. 

X 



o 



1 8 The Standard Guide. 

The pathetic story of the Minorcans at New Smyrna and their exodus to St. 
Augustine has enlisted the sympathetic pen of more than one narrator. There is- 
little reason for questioning the truth of the commonly accepted version, yet it is due 
to Dr. Turnbull to remember that this story, like every other, has two sides. Turn- 
bull's side is given by his personal friend Dr. Johnson of Charleston, S. C, in his 
Remiidscences of tke American Revolution. According to this authority the New 
Smyrna revolt was instigated by the British Governor's wife, in St. Augustine, who 
had been an old flame of TurnbuU's in Scotland, and was impelled to her mischief- 
making among his indentured colonists by a motive no less powerful than the fury of a 
woman scorned. Most travelers have spoken kindly of the Minorcans in St. Augustine, 
from Latrobe in 1832, who gives a pretty picture of the fishermen's cottages, festooned 
with nets and roses, shaded by orange trees and hung round with cages of nonpar- 
eils and mockingbirds, to William Cullen Bryant in 1843, who described them as "a 
mild, harmless race, of civil manners and abstemious habits." Five years later. Rev. 
R. K. Sewall, then the rector of Trinity Church, published his Sketches of St. 
Augustine. Should you ever come upon a copy of this book, it will almost certainly 
be found that pages 39 and 40 are wanting; and inspection will show that the leaf 
has been cut out. The missing pages contained this reference to the Minorcans: 

The present race were of servile extraction. By the duplicity of one Turnbull they were seduced . 
from their homes in the Mediterranean and located at Smyrna, and forced to till the lands of the pro- 
prietors who had brought them into Florida for that purpose. After enduring great privation, toil and 
suffering, under the most trying circumstances of a servile state, they revolted in a body, regained their 
rights and maintained them. * * * Their women are distinguished for their taste, neatness and 
i.idustry, a peculiar light olive shade of comple.\ion, and a dark full eye. The males are less favored 
by nature and habit. They lack enterprise. Most of them are without education. Their canoes, 
fishing lines and hunting guns are their main source of subsistence. The rising generation is, however, 
in a state of rapid transition. — R. K. Sewall, "Sketches of St. Augustine," pp. 39-40. 

However big or little may have been the grains of truth in this description, the 
Minorcans had at least education enough to comprehend the uncomplimentary tone 
of Mr. Sewall's allusion to them; and when the edition of Sketches came to hand they 
showed their enterprise by mobbing the store where the books were, bent on the 
destruction of the whole lot. They were only restrained by a pledge, faithfully kept, 
that the obnoxious pages should be torn from every book. 

Among the customs of the native land retained to a recent period by the 
Minorcans was the singing of a hymn in honor of the Virgin, by groups of young 
men who went about the streets serenading their friends, on the evening before 
Easter. This hymn, called the Fromajardis, was in the Mahonese dialect. It was 
handed down orally from one generation to another, and with what fidelity to the 
original may be inferred from this incident of Dr. Anderson's visit to Minorca in the 
summer of 1888, as related in a letter: 

At sundown we stopped at a small village, which was as clean as a new pin, every house whitened, 
to the last degree, and had a lunch of bread, cheese, oranges, cherries, and native wine — all the house 
afforded. As we rode along through the hills by the light of the pale new moon, I sang to the driver the • 
" Fromajardis," as sung in St. Augustine. He seemed pleased and surprised, and said that he did not 
know that any foreign gentleman knew that song, I told the interpreter to tell him that over a hundred- 




Amateur pboto by C. B. Moore. Frnm tne "Forest uid Stream." 

EXPLORING A FLORIDA INDUN MOUND. 



A Pre-Columbian Arrow Head. 



:20 



The Sta7idard Giade. 




T'/ ^r 



:^<<^^c:^ 



ST. GEORGE STREET NEAR THE PLAZA. 
From an old Photograph, 



years ago that song was carried over the ocean, and now I brought it back among its native hills. He 
said it was not sung as much now as it was twenty years ago. Thus are old customs dying. 

Song has wonderful vitality, and melody lives. The airs of French psalms sung 
by the Huguenots in Florida were heard among the Indians long after the death of 
Ribault at Matanzas. In odd, if not instructive, contrast to this is the curious testi- 
mony of Jonathan Dickenson, shipwrecked on this coast in 1696, who records that 
he was hailed with expressions of vulgarity in the English tongue by the Indians, 
or as he calls them, "the inhuman cannibals of Florida." 

The new concrete building material is a composition of sand, Portland cement 
and shells. The shells are found in deposits of vast extent on Anastasia Island, 
opposite the town. They lie loose in masses several feet deep, and under certain 
conditions the layers solidify and form the natural shell-stone or limestone, called 
coquina, described in a later chapter on St. Anastasia Island. The loose shell is 
brought over in carloads to the building site, and is mixed in given proportions with 
the sand and cement. While still soft the composition is poured into moulds and 
hardens. A wall is built by first setting boards up on edge, with a space between 
equal to the depth of the wall; into this space is poured a layer of concrete; as each 
layer hardens a new one is poured in on top of it, and successive layers are added to 
any required height. The wall is thus cast instead of being built; when completed it 
is one stone; indeed, the entire wall construction of a concrete building is one solid 
mass thoroughout — a monolith, with neither joint nor seam. The plastic material 







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IN THE OLD DAYS. 



lends itself most admirably to architectural and decorative purposes, and possesses 
the very important qualities of durability and immunity from destruction by fire. 

This concrete was first employed by Mr. P'ranklin W. Smith, of Boston, Mass., in 
the construction of his unique winter residence, the Villa Zorayda, which is on the 
Alameda, opposite the Hotel Ponce de Leon. Mr. Smith yet preserves as an archae- 
ological treasure the original, experimental block of concrete, which figuratively is 
the corner stone of modern stone-built St. Augustine, for it was the successful use of 
this material, as demonstrated in the building of the Villa Zorayda, that made pos- 
sible the structures which have followed. 

The Villa Zorayda is worthy of note because of its architectural design and the 
elaborate manner in which its owner-architect has successfully developed his plan of 
an oriental building as appropriate to the latitude of Florida — the conception having 
been borrowed from the universal practice of Eastern countries, demonstrating the 
experience of centuries. The architecture throughout is strictly Moorish, after 
sketches and photographs in Spain, Tangiers and Algiers. Like the Alhambra itself, 
the Zorayda is of massive concrete. The walls have the external appearance of 
granite, with all of its durability. Above the front entrance is the inscription in 
Arabic letters: IVa la ghalib ilia Ha — " There is no conqueror but God." This is the 
motto everywhere reproduced on the escutcheons and in the tracery of the Alhambra. 

Mahamad Aben Alahmar, the founder of the Alhambra, having participated with King Ferdinand 
in the conquest of Seville, returned to his dominions. "When the conqueror approached his beloved 
Granada, the people thronged forth to see him with impatient joy, for they loved him as a benefactor. 
They had erected arches of triumph in honor of his martial exploits, and wherever he passed he was 
hailed with acclamations, as El Ghalib, or The Conqueror. Mahamad shook his head when he heard the 




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FORT SAN JUAN DE PINOS. 
(^See page 69.) 



appellation. ' Wa la ghalib ilia lla' exclaimed he," There is no conqueror but God!" From that time 
fonvard, he adopted this exclamation as a motto. He inscribed it on an oblique band across his 
escutcheon, and it continued to be the motto of his descendants." — Irving, " Tht Alhambra." 

Within the walls of the Zorayda is a central court, paved with tiles made for it in 
Spain, and surrounded by a double gallery supported on thirty-six horseshoe arches. 
The walls of the vestibule, court and drawing-room are covered with the moresque 
tracery of the Alhambra, the models having been imported for the purpose. In this 
detail of construction and ornamentation the Zorayda is the first example in the 
United States. The interior finish, furniture and ornaments richly illustrate the 
beauties of Moorish colors and forms, and the pleasing effect is heightened by the 
tropical foliage and fruits in the protected court. 

Four agencies have contributed to the rapid development of the city as a winter 
resort. First — Improved transportation facilities, providing easy access from the 
North. The railway time from New York has been reduced to thirty-six hours, through 
from New York tp St. Augustine without change. Second — The discovery of an 
artesian water supply. The wells have a constant flow sufficient for every domestic 
and public purpose; and the abundant water has had its part in beautifying the town. 
Third — The adoption of a concrete building material, which means substantial and 
absolutely fire-proof buildings. Fourth — The lavish expenditure of princely capital 
in the construction of magnificent hotels for the entertainment of thousands of guests. 




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24 The Standard Guide. 

Each of these agencies has had its share in the making of St. Augustine ; with any- 
one of them wanting, the results attained would not have been achieved. 

What with the destructive work of fires, the filling in of creeks and marshes, the 
opening of new streets, and the expansion of the town north and west and south, old 
visitors find themselves strangely at a loss to identify localities. The St. Augustine 
Hotel and entire blocks on the north and south sides of the Plaza have been de- 
stroyed and replaced by new buildings. Where boats once sailed and marsh hens 
clattered on the Maria Sanchez Creek, now stands the Alcazar; and across the street, 
where half a dozen years ago a sign stuck in the mud forbade shooting, is one wing 
of the Hotel Ponce de Leon; the site of the new railroad depot is on reclaimed land 
once a marsh. All these new extensions have been laid out only after well-matured 
plans; none of them have been dominated by the niggardly notions which narrowed 
the lanes in old times. 

The aspect of St. George street has been happily changed throughout almost its 
entire length. Nowhere is the improvement more marked than in the vicinity of the 
Magnolia Hotel, which, from a plain building devoid of architectural merits, has been 
remodeled and converted into the attractive Queen Anne shown on page i6. Just 
north of the Magnolia, the familiar site, which has been occupied for twenty-five 
3'ears by the Presbyterian parsonage, has been selected for the new municipal offices. 
AVhen the present post office building — originally the old Spanish Governor's house 
— shall have been demolished and its grounds added to the Plaza, St. Augustine will 
have a public park of which her citizens may be justly proud. 

Pleasing changes have been made in church architecture. The Cathedral has 
been burned, rebuilt, enlarged and beautified; Grace Church, the Methodist Epis- 
copal edifice, of wood, has been replaced by a stone church and parsonage, beautiful 
in design, planned by Messrs. Carr^re and Hastings, and presented to the society by 
Mr. Henry M. Flagler. The new Presbyterian church is referred to on another page. 

So in one way and another the town has taken on a new appearance and char- 
acter. From a queerly built old city, whos2 foreign air piqued the curiosity of the 
chance visitor, and hinted at the strange vicissitudes of its " three centuries of battle 
and change," St. Augustine has become a fashionable winter resort, whose great 
hotels dominate the aspect of the surroundings, and in their luxury and magnificence 
have no equals in the world; it is the winter Newport, whose visitors are numbered 
by tens of thousands, whose private residences are in a growing degree distinguished 
for elegance and comfort. Year by year the city grows more beautiful, and with each 
innovation and transformation adds anew to its attractiveness. The old has been 
supplanted by the new, yet St. Augustine preserves a distinctive character all its own, 
and there is now more than ever before about the old city an indefinable charm which 
leads one's thoughts back to it again, and gladdens the face that is once more turned 
toward Florida and St. Augustine. 

Can life an)'\vhere else be like life in the Ancient City? Upon the first day thereof we are ready to 
swear you. Nay. Upon the one hundred and fifty-first I think we say, Amen. — Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. 




THE HOTEL PONCE DE LEON. 



[T HAS ever been the fashion in describing St. Augustine to lay 
emphasis on the Spanish character of the town. With the one 
exception of the fort, however, no specially notable example of 
Spanish architecture was to be found here. The streets were 
as narrow and irregular as those of Toledo, and the houses were 
small and bare. The Spanish Governor's residence, the Fran- 
ciscan convent and the cathedral have been made much of; but 
they owed their distinction to greater size, rather than to any 
beauty of design or adornment, to set them apart from the pre- 
vailing style of buildings, whose severity of type they followed. 
Though the town was during successive reigns the most important holding of Spain 
in North America, the Governor's residence reflected none of the magnificence of the 
Royal Palace of Madrid. The convent had nothing suggestive of the richly endowed 
monastic institutions in Spain, as, for instance, that of San Agustin, renowned for its 
Murillos and its superb memorials of the Ponce de Leon family. The cathedral had 
no nave like that of Santa Maria the pride of Leon, no windows of glass painted by a 
Holanda, no railings carved by an Andino, nor plate wrought by a Vandolino. Florida 
yielded to Spanish gold seekers no treasure for the building of massive cathedrals like 
that founded by Cortez on the site of the Temple of the Montezumas in Mexico. 
Throughout the entire period of its rule from Madrid, the town appears to have 
been always poor, as the Boucaniers found it in the middle of the seventeenth 
century. There are no records of any former architectural magnificence. 

And yet no natural conditions were wanting. The sky above St. Augustine 
arches as delicately blue and soft as that of Seville; the sunlight here is as warm and 
as golden as that which floods the patios of Spanish Alcazars; the Florida heavens 
are as radiantly brilliant by night and the full moon floats as luminous above the 
southern Atlantic coast as where the pinnacles and minarets of Valencia glitter in its 
beams on the Mediterranean shore. Add to these natural adaptations the historic 
associations, all of which were of Spain and the Spaniards, and there is little room 
for wonder that when strangers came here they looked for some architectural monu- 
ments, other than gloomy fortifications, to commemorate the dignity and pride of the 
ancient Spanish rule. Position, climate, history — here were the possibilities. They 
waited only an appreciative recognition, to which should be added the purpose and 
the means to prove them. In due time that recognition came. 




■J 



26 The Standard Guide. 

Among those who as tourists found their way to St. Augustine, not many winters 
ago, was Mr. Henry M. Flagler of New York. He recognized the possibilities of the 
place, and happily resolved to make them good. His scheme for doing this was 
generous and far-reaching. It provided for nothing less than the building of a 
palace, with towers, courts, fountains, loggias and cool retreats, to be set amid 
appropriate surroundings, in design to embody the beauties of Spanish architecture, 
with decoration suggestive of the history of Florida and St. Augustine, and every 
detail of construction, adornment and appointment befitting its position here in the 
city, whose patent had come three centuries ago from the sovereign of the proudest 
dominion on the globe. The projected structure was not to have the seclusion of a 
private home, but as a hotel it should give greater impress to the town. Built within 
sound of the surf on the Florida shore first sighted by Ponce de Leon, and with 
towers overlooking the sea, it should be called in honor of that redoubtable knight 
and discoverer, whose romantic quest made his name typical of the adventurous and 
chimerical spirit of his age. And as the bastions and watchtowers of Fort Marion 
were significant of the military prowess of the si.\teenth-century Spain — the Spain 
of Philip II. and Menendez, so this new structure, the Hotel Ponce de Leon, should 
in the beauty and harmony of its parts, furnish a token of that other Spain, the 
mother of arti.sts and architects and cunning craftsmen. A beautiful dream this; 
and one, perhaps, not undreamt before; but if it had come to others, it was only 
as the baselesi; fabric of a castle in the air, whose lovely vision had flushed in the 
rosy light of imagination and then dissolved into unreality, as the glory of the 
Southern sunset so quickly merges into night. It was the happy fortune of this 
dreamer to transform the shadowy pleasure-dome of fancy into substantial, concrete 
reality. 

The architects to whom the_ scheme was imparted and the execution of it 
intrusted, caught its spirit and entered upon their task with the enthusiasm born of 
a ready sympathy. The style most appropriate was manifestly to be sought in the 
architecture of Spain, and must be Spanish, not Moorish. For between the Spaniards 
and the Moors in Spain burned the race feuds of centuries, and Spanish architects 
abhorred Moorish forms. If then its spirit and purpose were to be carried out, the 
Hotel Ponce de Leon must not share the " plaster glories " of the Alhambra, its 
models must embody creations distinctively Spanish. Selection was made of the 
Spanish Renaissance, and this was well chosen, for it was that style whose development 
coincided with the most glorious period of Spanish history. It was in the ever 
memorable age when the Moors had been e.xpelled from Granada and all Spain was 
united under Ferdinand and Isabel, when Spanish e.xplorers were conquering 
America, into the treasury of Spain was flowing the wealth of the Indies, and the 
empire was at the zenith of opulence and power — that Spanish architecture found its 
highest expression in Renaissance forms. It was in the epoch-making years when 
Columbus gave to Ferdinand and Isabel a new world, that Diego de Siloe planned 
the Cathedral of Granada, in whose magnificent Capilla Real the sculptured effigies 
of those sovereigns repose. While Cortez and Pizarro were looting the Sun temples 
and in their greed obliterating the monuments of civilizations in Mexico and Peru, 



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28 The Standard Guide. 

Spanish architects were building cathedrals and universities and royal courts, Vandel- 
vira at Jaen, Pedro Gumiel at Alcala in Aragon, and Mechuca and Berreguete at 
Granada. The beginning of the Spanish Renaissance, too, was in the years of Ponce 
de Leon and the discovery of Florida; its glory had not passed when our old Florida 
town was established. None more fitly chosen then; nor unless architectural style be 
wholly meaningless could the purpose of the hotel architects have been so well attained 
with any other. And since history is so largely a chronicle of wars and conquests, and 
the records of the early years of St. Augustine have in them so much that is dark 
and cruel and forbidding in Spanish character, we ought to be grateful both for the 
generous enterprise which planned this architectural adornment of the city, and for 
the good taste which has embodied in that adornment a reminder of the brighter 
qualities of the Spanish race, its genius and its art. 

The grounds chosen as a site were those which will be readily identified by 
former visitors, when it is stated that they included the Anderson and Ball estates. 
These were and are the most beautiful in St. Augustine, with groves of orange and 
lemon, moss-hung lanes, orange archways, mulberries, magnolias and myrtles, palms 
and palmettos, lawns, hedges and rose gardens. Amid these surroundings has 
risen the Hotel Ponce de Leon, imposing in magnitude, graceful in proportions, 
beautiful in design and exquisite in the profusion and richness of its decorative details. 

The general arrangement of the hotel is shown in the illustration on page 29. 
The main structure is built on three sides of a quadrangular court, on the fourth 
side of which extends a one-story portico, with a gateway in the center. The front- 
age on the Alameda is 380 feet, the depth on Cordova street 520 feet. The inclosed 
court is 150 feet square. The main building with the court covers an area of four 
and one-half acres, the dining hall and the other buildings one and one-half acres 
more. The towers rise 165 feet against the sky. The hotel has 450 rooms. These 
are figures of magnitude; and yet so beautiful is the composition, so true are the 
proportions, so varied the outlines, that the vast size is not at first comprehended 
nor thought of. Only after familiarity do we gain a conception of the magnificent 
distances. Moreover, simply to regard it as a great inn, even though as one unsur- 
passed for elegance and luxury, is to take an inadequate view of the Ponce de Leon. 
A vast caravansary indeed, but first and chiefly an example of architectural design, 
commanding admiration and repaying careful study; its qualities to be appreciated 
aright only by those who can estimate them by some other measure than the ordinary 
American standards of bigness and cost. 

As we approach the hotel, attention is first attracted to the graceful towers, then 
to the great dome and its copper lantern, and then to the broad roofs with their red 
crinkled tiles and their dormer-windows, the porticoes, loggias, and the corner turrets^ 
carried up into low towers with open galleries and overhanging roofs. 

The main material is the shell concrete, which has been described in the fore- 
going chapter; and the hotel thus partakes of the monolithic character of concrete 
buildings. Brick is used in the arches and window jambs; and the corbels, balconies 
and ornaments are of terra-cotta. 

The color effects are in the highest degree pleasing. The prevailing tint is the 




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30 The Standard Guide. 

delicate pearl-gray of the concrete, which turns to a blue in the shadows, and serves 
most admirably to set off the red brick work, the bright salmon of the terra-cotta, 
and the glowing red of the Spanish roof tiles. The shades harmonize deliciously. 
It is worth while, too, to note the entire absence of paint, and that the color effects 
of the exterior are all secured by the inherent shades of the materials of construction. 
This rule likewise prevails in the court, which, in keeping with the Spanish Renais- 
sance style, is more highly decorated than the outer walls; and again in the marbles 
and woodwork of the interior. 

From no point of view are the external forms and colors other than pleasing; 
there are no blank sheer walls, nor any unfinished sides to hide; everywhere is com- 
pleteness, and everywhere dignity and grace of outline. Thus viewed from without,^ 
the hotel is a structure whose architectural merits are not fully comprehended on the 
instant. The effects vary with the hours; all day long the changing lights and the 
play of the shadows reveal new combinations of beauty, and when illuminated at 
night the hotel is still a delight to the eye. For the Ponce de Leon, it must be 
remembered, is a true work of art, and like every creation of cultivated taste, it 
improves with study, and growing on one commands renewed admiration the longer 
it is contemplated. 

If this is true of the general impression, when one looks upon it from the Ala- 
meda, or from the west through the green foliage of orange and oak, much more is 
it true when we come to study the details of construction and decoration within. As 
we have said, the dream of the projector of this palatial structure did not end with 
the erection of a richly appointed and luxurious hotel; his purpose reached beyond 
this and demanded that as the shell material of the walls was found here on Anastasia 
Island, and the hotel was in its very structure to be of St. Augustine, so in their dec- 
oration the walls should speak as with a thousand tongues of Spanish St. Augustine 
and its storied past. The architects and artists spent two years in perfecting these 
details; and how successfully their task has been accomplished will be seen on a 
closer examination. We shall miss a full appreciation of the merits of their work, 
unless we bear constantly in mind the historical theme they have sought to illustrate; 
the significance of the adornments are not to be comprehended by one who is igno- 
rant of or wholly indifferent to the chronicles of St. Augustine. 

The historic symbolism of the decoration is to be observed at the very gateway 
of the court. The entrance, in the center of the one-story portico, on the Alameda, 
is designated by two independent gateposts, on each one of which, carved in high 
relief, is a lion's masque. It is the heraldic lion of Leon, that sturdy Spanish town 
which so long and so bravely withstood the Moors; and an emblem, too, of the 
doughty warrior, Juan Ponce de Leon, proclaimed in his epitaph "a lion in name and 
a lion in heart." These posts have highly finished capitals in Spanish Renaissance 
patterns. The full-centered arch of the gateway is surmounted by a heavy over- 
hanging roof; and in the deep coves of the eaves are arched panels filled with ara- 
besques and tracery in richly-tinted faience. Above, repeated in the spandrels of the 
panel arches, is the stag s head, the sacred totem of Seloy. 



,'^>';5Ji.'-, _-J*^IJJIB 




8 

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32 The Standard Guide. 

Without the council hall, aloft on its staff was the effigj'of an antlered stag, looking out over the 
ocean toward the sunrise. For annually, at the coming of spring, the people of Seloy selected the skin 
of a huge deer, stuffed it with choicest herbs and decked it with fruits and fiowers; and then bearing 
it with music and song to the appointed spot and setting it up on its lofty perch, consecrated it as a 
new offering to the Sun god, that because of it he might smile upon the fields and fructify the planted 
seed and send to his children an abundant harvest — Old St. Augustine, " The Huguenots in Florida." 

Passing beneath the raised portculHs of the gateway and through the portico, we 
enter the fountain court, a delicious mass of foliage in many shades of green, with 
tropical plants, waving plumes, brilliant flowers, and a fountain plashing in the center. 
On the north side of the court, directly opposite the gateway, is the grand en- 
trance; and in the centers of the wings, east and west, are other entrances. From 
the gateway and the entrances walks converge to the fountain in the center, and are 
intersected by another circular walk, which runs around the court. The whole area 
is thus divided into garden terraces of geometric patterns, after the Spanish manner. 
The court is surrounded by arcades, whose pillars and arches give them the char- 
acter of cloistered walks. Rooms open upon the arcades, vines clamber over their 
arches, and easy chairs invite to repose. The ranges of windows in the second story 
are broken, in the spaces above the doorways, by arched open balconies; and around 
the third story, just beneath the overhanging roof, is a continuous loggia, whose 
carved woodwork is in pleasant contrast with the masonry. Still higher, in the great 
red roofs, are the rows of dormer-windows, giving a cosy, home-like character to the 
whole composition, and suggesting swallows under the eaves, although there are no 
swallows here. The central dome of the main building is one of the distinguishing 
features of thie Spanish Renaissance, and the open arcaded story at the top was with 
the architects of that period a favorite device to secure lightness and deep shadows. 

Turn which way we will in the court, there are charming combinations of light 
and shade; the general effect is restful; there are cool inviting vistas everywhere. 
Here, where the sun shines in winter as in summer, the architects have improved 
every opportunity to make the most of shadow effects; and the overhanging roofs, 
affording grateful shade, are repeated ugain and again. 

From the gateway of the court the majestic towers are seen for the first time in 
their full proportions. The towers are square, with a balustrade about the top, and 
from the upper platform is carried up a round tower, with high conical roof, sur- 
mounted by an elaborate metal finial. Each side of the square tower is pierced near 
the top with an arched window, opening upon a flat corbelled balcony, with a low 
projection. These windows remind us of the balconies of Mohammedan mosques; 
and from them, at morning, noon or nightfall, we might almost expect to hear the 
muezzin's call to prayer. Above these windows is an open gallery of observation. 
The massive and donjon character, which towers of this magnitude might easily 
have, has been entirely avoided, and their chief characteristic, considering the size, 
is an airy lightness entirely in keeping with the remainder of the composition. The 
shadow and color combinations, as the eye follows the stately tower to the bright 
metal tip, 165 feet against the blue sky, are changeful and effective. 

Crossing the court, past the fountain — which is a well-ordered combination of 



34 The Standard Guide. 

marble, stone and terra-cotta, the shaft being of terra-cotta inlaid with marble mosaics, 
surrounded with grotesque frogs and turtles and other water creatures in the basins, 
all spouting water in different directions — we approach the grand entrance. This is a 
full-centered arch, twenty feet wide. Around the face of the arch, in a broad band, 
carved in relief on a row of shields, a letter to a shield, runs the legend. Ponce de Leon. 
Garlands depend from the shields, which are supported by mermaids. This is an- 
other suggestion of the sea as the source whence came the shell composite of the hotel 
walls; and also of the sea as the field of his achievements whose name is here in- 
scribed. The suggestion is further emphasized in the shell-patterned diaper in the 
spandrels of the arch, and yet again in the marine devices of the coats-of-arms on the 
two shields. To complete the composition of the doorway, there are above the main 
arch si.x small full-centered arches, in pairs, carried on spirally-fluted columns. About 
each pair of arches is an elaborate belt moulding, which is also carried down in vert- 
ical lines on each side of the main door, terminating in corbels at the springing line 
of the arch. On either side of the door is a circular window of stained-glass of geo- 
metric pattern. 

The other entrances, on the east and west, should have attention before we leave 
the court. In the wall, on each side of the doorway, is a deep fountain niche, with 
the top carried up into pinnacles, which give fine shadow effects. The water issues 
from the mouth of a dolphin. Above the door, in the key of the arch, is a shield 
with a shell device, and medallions with Spanish proverbs occupy the spandrels. As 
in the main entrance, the composition of the doorway is completed by arched open- 
ings above; the arches are carried on similar spirally-fluted columns, and there are 
elaborate belt mouldings. The dolphins of the fountain niches have special appro- 
priateness; they are not only typical of the sea, but have a local significance as well, 
for the bay of St. Augustine once bore the name River of Dolphins, given it by 
Laudonniere, the Huguenot captain, who anchored his ships here in 1564 (see p. 75). 
The allusion to the sea, in the dolphins and the shells, is a motive repeated again and 
again throughout the hotel; even the door-knobs are modeled after shells. 

The garlands and Cupids on the window caps and the other decorations and orna- 
ments of the court deserve a more minute description, but their elaborateness and pro- 
fuseness forbid more than just an indication of them. The amount of wall space is 
so enormous that it was impossible to treat all the surfaces with like richness; this led 
the architects to distribute the ornamentation and make it very rich, thus forming the 
most happy contrasts, really producing all the effect that it was possible to obtain, 
and avoiding the fault of over-decoration. 

Standing in the doorway of the main entrance and looking through the pillars of 
the vestibule to the caryatides of the rotunda, and beyond them to the marble columns 
at the entrance of the dining hall, we begin to have some conception of how rich and 
palatial is the hotel. The vestibule opens upon a corridor, surrounding a rotunda 
which occupies the great central space of this main building. On the right a broad 
hall leads past the hotel office to various public rooms; another on the left leads to 
the ground parlor; and directly opposite, a broad marble stairway ascends to the 
dining hall. The pavement of vestibule, corridor and rotunda is a mosaic of tiny 



36 The Standard Guide. 

bits of marble, laid in Renaissance manner. The wainscoting of the vestibule is of 
choice Numidian marbles imported from Africa; that of the corridor is of quartered 
oak. Marble fireplaces of generous dimensions give an air of welcome, and all the 
suggestions are of hospitality and comfort. 

In composition and decoration the rotunda is a marvel of grace and beauty. 
The immense dome is supported by four massive piers and eight pillars of oak, carved 
into caryatides of life size, cut from the solid quartered wood, and terminating in 
fluted shafts. The sylph-like figures have laughing, mischievous faces, and a won- 
drous semblance of life. They are in groups of four, standing back to back; and so 
graceful are the forms, so light and airy the poses, we forget the tremendous weight 
they are supporting. The rotunda is four stories in height, forming arcades and 
galleries at each story whose arches and columns are of different designs. These 
galleries overhang each other, and are supported by decorated vaults forming pene- 
trations. The effect is most pleasing, as one looks up through the entire open space, 
to the great circular penetration in the vault of the dome, sixty-eight feet above. 

While the decorations here are true to the Spanish Renaissance style, the motives, 
for them have been found in the Spain and the Florida of the sixteenth century; the 
symbolism is of the spirit of that age and the impulses which then held sway. 
Painted on the pendentives of the cove ceiling of the second story, are seated female 
figures typical of Adventure, Discovery, Conquest and Civilization. Four other 
figures, which are standing, represent the elements, Earth, Air, Fire and Water. The 
paintings are in oil on a silver ground; the colors are rich and varied, and the ac- 
cessories chosen with excellent taste. In the four subjects last named the com- 
position is completed with arabesque figures of appropriate designs; and the several 
backgrounds are scattered with distinctive emblematic devices. 

Adventure we.a.x'i a cuirass and in her helmet an eagle's crest. She holds a drawn 
sword. The pose is eager and alert; the features and the bearing denote reckless 
enterprise, courage, readiness to encounter peril, and the resolution which overcomes. 
The emblems on the background are arrows radiating in different directions. 

Discovery is robed in drapery whose blue is the blue of the sea. In her right 
hand is held a globe, the other rests upon a tiller. The pose of the head and the far 
reaching gaze are as if with swelling heart she were surveying the outstretched ex- 
panse of a newly-revealed continent. The emblems are sails. 

Conquest, clad in martial red, with helmet and cuirass of mail, firmly grasps an 
upright sword, significant of might and war-won supremacy. The look in her face is 
of exultant mastery, grim consciousness of power, and a purpose inexorable. On the 
background are daggers. 

Civilization is clothed in white and wears a crown. In her lap is an open book, 
the symbol of knowledge. Her face has the repose of dignity and benevolence. The 
background reveals the repeated figure of the cross, suggesting the civilizing in- 
fluences of Christianity. 

Earth is represented as of dark complexion and is clad in robes of russet. She 
extends a horn of plenty, overflowing with fruits and the bounties of the earth; and 
by gracefully floating ribbons holds captive two peacocks, the most gorgeous birds of 




^^. '" "■""". .^ ^ f^% 

^ ■■|.■ ■ iif i iiii.i.wi u.Lii ■"■■■■'■! ' n'_fLM'!__ 



•\*-~* 



■ -^T ■ ' I I.L.I 'iTPjjjjjt; 

LADIES' ENTRANCE HOTEL I'ONCE UE LEON. 



3^ The Standard Guide. 

the earth, as distinguished from those of the air. Snails are the devices on the 
background. 

Air is an etherial form, with winged heels, fair hair and diaphanous drapery 
of a very pale blue tint which fades at times almost into absence of color. One hand 
restrains the flight of two magnificent eagles, and in the other are lightly held dande- 
lion downs, ready at a breath to spring into the air and float away on the zephyrs. 
This is one of the most charming conceits in the whole scheme of decoration. The 
emblems on the background are dragon-flies and butterflies. 

The figure of Fire, auburn-haired and clothed in drapery of glowing red, stands 
amid tongues of flame and holds on high a blazing torch. The arabesques are sal- 
amanders, embodying the only life fabled to live in fire. The emblems are flames. 

In sharp contrast with these brilliant hues are the marine tints which predominate 
in the pictured fancy of Water. She is fair-skinned and fair-haired; her robes are 
of a very pale green and white; and she stands in a shell to which sea-mosses are 
clinging. With ribbons she controls two prancing sea-horses, emblematic of the 
ocean's restlessness and might. On the background are starfishes. 

The decorations in the penetrations are lyres with swans on either side. The 
lyres are surmounted alternately by a masque of the Sun god of the Florida Indians, 
and by the badge of the most illustrious order of Spanish knighthood, the Golden 
Fleece, depending from its flint-stone surrounded by flames of gold. Where this ap- 
pears, the design of the border is the Collar of the Golden Fleece, the chain of double 
steels interlaced with flint-stones. 

Below in the spandrels of the corridor arches is seen the stag's head, barbaric 
emblem of sun-worshipping Seloy. Shields bear the arms of the present provinces 
of Spain, and on cartouches are emblazoned the names of the great discoverers of 
America. Cornucopias are favorite forms here, as elsewhere throughout the hotel. 

The decorations do not end with this story. The upper dome is modeled in 
high relief; around its base dances a band of laughing Cupids; between these 
figures are circular openings; and the vault above is all modeled with delicate tracery 
of pure white and gold effects; casques and sails signify the military and maritime 
achievements of Spain; and the crown of the dome is surrounded with eagles. 

A broad stairway of marble and Mexican onyx leads from the corridor tu a landing, 
from which is entered the passage leading to the dining hall. In delightfully antique 
letters set in mosaic in the floor of the landing, is the aptly chosen verse of welcome, 
taken from Shenstone: 

Whoe'er has travell'd life's dull round, 
Where'er his stages may have been, 
May sigh to think he still has found 
The warmest welcome at an inn. 

From this landing, stairways of oak lead to the rotunda and halls above. The wain- 
scoting of the stairways is of Verona and pink Numidian marble; and above this, set 
in the walls, in frames of oak, are two paintings, "The Landing of Columbus," and 
"The Introduction of Christianity to the Huns by Charlemagne." The passage 
to the doors of the dining hall is beneath a beautifully chiseled arch of Verona 



The Standard Gutdi: 39 

marble, of a deep red color; and in the spandrels are mosaic patterns of Numidian, 
Verona and Sienna marbles, and African and Mexican onyx. A font-shaped bal- 
cony projects above, supporting a musicians' gallery, which overlooks both the 
rotunda and the dining room. This balcony is of Verona marble, and the railing is 
delicately carved in oak. Here again note that the effects of elegance and richness 
are not secured by surface paint, but by the employment of materials in which those 
qualities are inherent. 

The dimensions of the dining hall are magnificent. It has an area of 90 by 150 
feet; and there are seats for 800 guests. The main hall, 90 feet square, is divided 
from two semi-circular alcoves on the east and west ends by rows of oak columns. 
These columns support a great elliptical barrel-vault, and the clerestorj' is pierced with 
stained-glass windows, forming penetrations. The ceiling is 36 feet measured from 
the floor to the apex of the vault. The rounded ends of the alcoves have great bay- 
windows. Two musicians' galleries overhang the hall, one on the north and one on 
the south. In its wealth of adornment this hall is the pride and masterpiece of 
the hotel. lieauty of form, which everywhere charms the eye, is supplemented by 
richness and harmony of color, and these in turn by the good taste shown in the 
choice of themes for the decoration. Of the work which has here been lavished, 
on every side, by loving hands, no just appreciation can be had except after repeated 
study of the details, and no description of it can be made fully intelligible without 
the aid of illustrations. The light is mellowed in its passage through the stained- 
glass windows of the clerestory and through the magnificent masses of stained and 
clear leaded glass which make u|5 almost the entire ends of the rounded extensions. 
The prevailing shade is a creaniv vcilciw. variety hiini,' secured by the dilTcrtiit colors 
employed in the decorations. 

On each end, north and soutli, ul the central hall is a high wainscoting in antique 
oak of choice grains, .^bove this, on a ground of blue green, is a panel of dancing 
Cupids, with roguish faces and outstretched hands, representing the feast; some ex- 
tend clusters of luscious grapes, and bread and cups of wine in welcome to the 
guests, while others ladle steaming olla from great Spanish (alJfioiis. On the wall 
above are pictured ships of Spain, with sails full set and gracefully waving streamers 
and pennants; they are the high-pooped Spanish caravels of the sixteenth century, 
just such vessels as that in which came Ponce de Leon to Florida in his search for 
the fountain. In the key of the arch over the musicians' balcony is a shield bearing 
an heraldic device, with legend, "1' de I. — 1885-1887." Dancing girls support the 
shield, and outside of these are figures of Fame blowing trumpets. Four mermaids 
one in each corner, support the border which goes over the ends of the ceiling. 
Dn the yellow surface of the vault are delicate arabesques traced in various colors 
and gold and silver. 

t>n the pendentives between the stained-glass windows, allegorical paintings 
represent the Four Seasons. They are female figures, winged to typify their 
rapid flight ; and the two different fancies present a dual conception of each 
subject. In grace of form not less than in their admirable color effects these paint- 
ings are as worthy of careful study as were those of the rotunda. For his colors the 



40 The Sta7idard Guide. 

artist has gone to nature. The pale draperies of Spring reflect the delicate green 
shades of the fresh May foliage; in one fancy she is pictured as sowing grain; in the 
other she holds spring flowers and a branch with bursting buds. The draperies of 
the figures of Summer are bright with color; in one fancy the accessories are a sheaf 
of wheat and a sickle; in the other luxuriant summer verdure. Autumn is given 
russet robes; one figure with bunches of purple grapes represents the vintage; the 
other dancing, with a tambourine, the merry-making of the harvest home. In the 
paintings of Winter the colors are rich and warm; the two aspects of the season 
here depicted are its hardships and its festivities; the first figure, warmly clad, with 
bright scarf and closely mufiled hood, bears an axe and a bundle of fagots; the 
other partially draped is bringing in the boar's head. 

In the ceiling, on a becoming ground of gold, are seen Spanish proverbs, pithy 
saws and admonitions to the guests below. Among them are these: Change of 
pasture makes fat calves. — The ass that />rays most eats least. — Old friends and old 
wines arc the best. — Good ivine needs no bush. To these might well have been added 
that saying current among the Spaniards, in which is expressed their affectionate 
esteem of St. Augustine — Nei<er an olla 'loithout bacon nor a sermon without St. 
Augustine. 

The chief decorative design in the flat ceiling of the alcoves gives a concise 
historical summary in the form of a pictograph. The general scheme is an adapta- 
tion of the picture-writing of the American Indians — that system of hieroglyphics 
cut in the wasting bark of trees, or carved on the face of the enduring rock, 
there to remain long after the tribes whose exploits they recounted should have 
been swept from the earth. The primitive characters were simple and rude, but 
to the initiated they were as full of meaning as to us the glowing pages of the 
printed book. Now, to the deft artist give for a worthy theme the romantic history 
of Florida and St. Augustine; and let it be required of him to chronicle the story in 
picture-writing after the Indian style, but in characters refined and dignified and 
given symmetry and beauty of color — and you have the record as it is written here in 
letters of brown on a gold background. The theme was deserving of treatment as by 
one who loves his art, and in such fashion indeed has it been done. Here, sweeping 
along under full sail, is a Spanish galleon, the ship of Ponce de Leon, the first that 
came to these shores. May it not have been that in the eventful year of 15 12, some 
Indian here in the village of Seloy recorded on a palmetto trunk the strange vision of 
this same ship? Other caravels mark the expeditions of Pamphilo de Narvaez, in 
1527, and Hernando de Soto, in 1539. Ships with all sail set signify a successful 
voyage; dismasted hulks stand for disaster and shipwreck; several ships together a 
large fleet; forts a permanent settlement; the several nationalities are designated by 
their distinctive heraldic devices — the Fleur-de-lis of France for the Huguenots, 
the Lion and Castle of Spain for Menendez. A sword, skulls and crossbones 
commemorate the pitiful death of Jean Ribault and his fellows at Matanzas; a 
hand holding a dagger, and the Fleur-de-lis again, record the vengeance of 
Dominique de Gourgues. Ships and cannon mark the assaults by Drake and 
Davis, and the bombardments and sieges by Moore and Oglethorpe. The sue- 



The Standard Guide. 



41 




TOWF.R, DOME AND ROOF TERRACE. 
(By ceurttty 0/ the ^* American Architect^) 

cessive changes of supremacy, Spanish, British, Spanish again, and finally that of 
the United States, are indicated by the national emblems, the American coat-of-arms 
closing the record at the cession of Florida to the United States in 1S21. Arabesque 
"designs of sea-horses, ridden by sea-sprites, surmount the cartouche and emphasize 
the ever-recurring suggestion of the sea as a field of enterprise and endeavor. Among 
the other decorations of these ceilings are the signs of the Zodiac, painted in anticjue 
green on a gold ground. In the penetrations and on the pendentives appear the arms 
of the ancient provinces of Spain, with candelabra and other designs; and supporting 
these candelabra are arabesques of mermaids and mermen. Three domes in each 
alcove, from which chandeliers depend, are filled with Renaissance ornaments. 



42 , The Standard Gtiide. 

The grand parlor is a magnificent room 104X53 feet. The effect of grandeur 
which attaches to a room of such dimensions, is happily supplemented by the dis- 
position of piers and arches, which break up the parlor into easy corners. The walls 
and decorations are in ivory-white and gold, with Cupids and garlands and filmy 
drapery amid the clouds in the corner ceilings. Note of the rich furnishings of the 
parlor is foreign to the purpose of this chapter, but the visitor will not fail to notice 
the carved mantle with its clock of transparent Mexican onyx, and the numerous 
paintings. There are other paintings in the upper corridors of the rotunda, whose 
subjects have been taken from Florida history; among them is an interesting and 
authentic portrait of the Seminole chief Osceola. 

There yet remain many features of the hotel deserving of special mention did 
space permit; and there are others which should have detailed description, were it 
the intent here to set forth the character of the building as a hotel with relation to 
the entertainment of guests. The design of these pages is, however, only to hint of 
the successful way in which the architects and artists have carried out the original 
plan and spirit of the Ponce de Leon, and to emphasize the justice of the claim that 
their work in its completion is of a character which appeals to higher than sybaritic 
tastes. 

The architects of the Hotel Ponce de Leon were Messrs. Carrfere and Hastings, 
of New York. The frescos and mural decorations are by Mr. Thomas Hastings and 
Mr. George W. Maynard, assisted by Mr. H. T. Schladermundt. 

The balconies of the main tower command a prospect of many miles. Thence 
one may look to the east where roll the breakers on the bar, to the south where shine 
in the afternoon sun the walls of the old Spanish fort at Matanzas inlet, and to the 
west where winds the St. Sebastian. Below and on every side are the variegated 
shades of green which are the glory of Florida. If, as we have said, the grace of 
these towers has added a new charm to the town, surely they have been set amid no 
unworthy surroundings. Long search would have been required to discover for the 
Ponce de Leon a more fitting site than here in orange-embowered St. Augustine. 



On the south side of the Alameda opposite the Ponce de Leon is the Alcazar, an 
adjunct of the hotel, and in architecture a fitting complement of it. The Alcazar, 
of the Spanish Renaissance style, was designed by Messrs. Carr^re and Hastings. The 
building material is concrete, with terra-cotta ornaments and Spanish roof tiles. 
These give the rich color combinations already described, and the towers, pavilions, 
minarets and overhanging roofs also afford the grateful shadow effects noted. At 
this stage of construction the crescent arcade shown in our illustration has not been 
added, but without it the Alcazar jiresents an imposing fagade, and the impression of 
immense size is strengthened as the eye follows the line of the countless minarets 
and the broken outline of roofs on Cordova street. The statement has been made 
several times in print that the north facade is a reproduction of that of the famous 
Alcazar (Al-kasr, the House of Cresar) of Seville; but this is incorrect; the two 
fa9ades bear no resemblance to each other, and the Alcazar, like the Ponce de Leon, 



TJw Standard Guide. 43 

IS original throughout. Within is a court of flowers, shrubbery and vines, with an 
ingenious fountain playing in the center. The court — not unworthy to be compared 
with the patios of the Alcazars in Spain — is surrounded by an arcade, upon which 
open shops and offices. Beyond this court are the great swimming pools of sulphur 
water from the artesian wells and of salt water from the bay. South arc tennis courts. 
The group of concrete hotels on the Alameda is completed by the Hotel 
Cordova. The Cordova was designed by Mr. F. W. Smith. In style it does not 
follow the Spanish Renaissance architecture; the suggestions for its heavy walls and 
battlemented towers were found in the strong castles and town defenses of Spain; 
it recalls those architectural monuments of the warring ages of the past; vast piles 
of masonry, which grew with the increments of hundreds of years, amid the conflicts 
of Roman and (loth and Moor and Christian. Thus the archway on the north 
facade, formerly a gateway, flanked by massive towers round and square, was an 
adaptation of the Puerto del Sol, or Gate of the Sun, of Toledo, one of the famous 
remains of the Moorish dominion in Spain. There is something in the strength of 
the Cordova that recalls to old residents of St. Augustine the coquina defenses 
which once distinguished this locality; opposite the Cordova was the high-walled 
garden of the Spanish Governor with its battery facing the west. The balconies of 
the lower range of windows are the "kneeling balconies" of Seville, so called 
because the protruding base was devised by Michael Angelo to permit the faithful 
to kneel at the passing of religious festivals. 



The Memorial Presbyterian Church, erected in 1889 by Mr. H. M. Flagler, otcu 
pies a site on Valencia and Sevilla streets, northwest of the Hotel Ponce de Leon 
It is an elaborate structure, in the style of the Venetian Renaissance, and wsi 
designed by Messrs. Carrfere and Hastings. In wealth of exterior decoration the 
building surpasses any other one in St. Augustine. Our illustration is from the 
architects' drawing; certain details here given, as in the finishing of the dome, have 
been modified in the final scheme; the point of view is on Sevilla street, showing the 
east side of the church, with the parsonage. While the grace of form and o'^tline is 
indicated in the engraving, it is manifestly impossible that any printed illustration 
should give a true conception of the richness and beauty to which color contributes 
so essential a part. This is all the more true when, as in the present instance, the 
color effects have not been left to hap-hazard, nor been determined by the exigencies 
of the material employed; but have been carefully and with good artistic taste deter- 
mined upon beforehand and selected, as was the design of the building itself, with 
jntelligent reference to the site and its surroundings. To know what happy success 
has been achieved, one must study the Memorial Church, and with pleased eye note 
the harmonious blending of its colors and its grateful contrasts; the pearl gray, the 
body color of the shell concrete, with the cream white of the terra cotta and the 
golden yellow of the brick work, the bronze finials, the great copper dome; and the 
Florida foliage and sunlight and sky to complete the charm of the picture. 




THE CITY GATEWAY. 

At t.'u- head ef SI. Gc-orge Siml. 

pi'ANDMARKS are rapidly disappearing from St. Augustine, but the 
pillars of the ancient city gateway still remain as notable monu- 
ments of the past. When first seen these towers are quite likely 
to be a disappointment, for their proportions are not so grancf as 
'■"^ they are often pictured. Moreover the gate has been outgrown 

and dwarfed; and it no longer possesses the advantage of a commanding position on 
tha town's outskirts. Dwellings crowd close upon it, overtopping the towers; a huge 
hotel looms up beyond. Irreverence might even dub the gateway ridiculous. 

But it was not always so. Inconsequential as may be these towers now, there 
was a time when they stood out bravely enough, and when in their security St. 
Augustine rejoiced. In those days they looked out upon an illimitable wilderness; 
the belated traveler hurried on to their shelter; and the town slept securely when 
the Barrier Gate was fast shut against the midnight approach of a foe from without. 
Stoutly their walls gave their strength when it was needed, and defended for the 
King of Spain his garrison town in Florida. They have witnessed many a narrow 
escape and many a gallant rescue. More than once have they trembled with the 
shock of assault, and more than once driven back the foe repulsed. To-day, dis- 
mantled and useless, out of keeping with the customs of the day and the spirit of the 
age, long since left behind by the outstretching town, the picturesque old ruins linger 
as cherished landmarks. Here we are on historic ground. 

The gateway is the only conspicuous relic of the elaborate system of fortifica- 
tions which once defended St. Augustine. The town being on a narrow peninsula 
running south, an enemy could approach by land only from the north. Across this 
northern boundary, east and west, from water to water, ran lines of fortification, 
which effectually barred approach. From the Fort a deep ditch ran across to the 
St. Sebastian; and was defended by a high parapet, with redoubts and batteries. The 
ditch was flooded at high tide. Entrance to the town was by a drawbridge across 
the moat and through the gate. Earthworks extended along the St. Sebastian River 
in the rear (west) of the town, and around to the Matanzas again on the south. The 
gate was closed at night. Guards were stationed in the sentry bo.xes. Just within 
the gate was a guard house, with a detachment of troops. 




RUINS OK GATEWAY. 



46 



The Standard Gzcide. 



The line of the ditch and parapet may still be traced along Orange street; and 
the remains of some of the old earthworks are to be seen along the St. Sebastian. 

Emerging from these solitudes and shades, we espied the distant yet distinct Hghts of the watch 
towers of the fortress of St. Augustine, delightful beacons to my weary pilgrimage. The clock was 
striking ten as I reached the foot of the drawbridge; the sentinels were passing the alerto, as I 
demanded entrance; having answered the preliminary questions, the drawbridge was slowly lowered. 
The officer of the guard, having received my name and wishes, sent a communication to the governor, 
who issued orders for my immediate admission. On opening the gate, the guard was ready to receive 
me, and a file of men, with their officer, escorted me to his E.xcellency, who expressed his satisfaction at 
my revisit to Florida. — Voyage to the Spanish Main. 1S17. 

The towers are very old. They had fallen into partial ruin so early as the be- 
ginning of the present century. In 1810, at the Governor's command, all the town's 
male inhabitants between 12 and 60 years of age were compelled to labor at the 
restoration of the gate and the other fortifications. At a later date the west tower 
was partially demolished and clumsily rebuilt. The stone causeway leading out from 
the gate is modern. The sentry boxes have recently been repaired and are now 
furnished with iron gratings to protect them from vandals who know no better than 
to chip off pieces of stone as relics. The material is coquina. The pillars are 20 feet 
in height, to the mouldings; and 10 feet deep; the flanking walls are 30 feet in length; 
roadway between the pillars, 12 feet. The walls were formerly provided with ban- 
quettes, or raised platforms on the interior, upon which the guard stepped to 
discharge his fire over the wall, with a single step regaining shelter. 

Even the pillars of the city gate, which ne.xt to the fort are the chief memorials of Old St. 
Augustine, have barely escaped demolition at the hand of the vandal; for once upon a time, a con- 
tractor was assigned the work of building a stone causeway from the gate, in the place of the old draw- 
bridge, which formerly crossed the ditch at that point; and being in need of coquina, this unworthy- 
workman, laying violent hands on what was nearest, began to tear away the gateway pillars. Com- 
pelled to restore the plundered stone to its place, he botched the work, and in the clumsy restoration 
has left an enduring monument of his lazy shiftlessness. — Old St. Augustine. 




RUINS OF GATEWAY — FROM THE NORTHWEST. 



THE PLAZA. 




TLEASING bit of greensward in the center of the town is the 
riaza. It is a public park of shrubbery and shade trees, with 
niDnuments and fountains, an antiquated market place invit- 
ing one to loiter, and an outlook to the east over the bay 
and .\nastasia Island to the sails of ships at sea. All this is 
the more charming to those who remember the Plaza — not 
so many years ago — when it was an unshaded, unkempt, un- 
inviting waste of scanty turf and blowing sand. Long before 
those days it had been beautiful with orange trees, whose 
wonderful size and fruitfulness are yet among the town's tradi- 
tions. The square is diminutive, but it is unconsciously mag- 
nified because of the contrast to the narrow streets whence one emerges upon its 
stretch of greensward. 

The open structure on the east end of the Plaza is commonly pointed out as the 
"old slave pen," or "slave market," and it is sometimes alleged to have been of 
Spanish origin. It never was used as a " slave pen," nor as a " slave market," nor 
had the Spaniards anything to do with it, for they had left the country twenty years 
before it was built. The market (burned in 1887 and restored) was built in 1840; it 
was intended for a very prosaic and commonplace use, the sale of meat and other 
food supplies, and it was devoted to that use. A print of the town in 1848 shows the 
market thronged with men and women with baskets; and it is hardly worth while to 
point out that in those days purchasers did not carry home human chattels in baskets. 
The requirements of St. .\ugustine long since outgrew this primitive style of mart, 
and the Plaza market has become a lounging place where idlers bask in the sun and 
exchange gossip. 

It was not until the influx of curiosity seeking tourists, after the Civil War that 
any one thought of dubbing the Plaza market a "slave pen" or "slave market." 
The ingenious photographer who labeled his views of the old meat market "slave 
pen " sold so many of them to sensation hungry strangers that he has since retired 
with a competence; and when he sets up a crest he will no doubt take for his arms a 
negro in chains, after the fashion of old John Hawkins, father of the British slave 



48 



The Standa7'd Guide. 



trade. The "slave market," " Huguenot Cemeter}- " and " oldest house " yarns have 
been told so often to credulous visitors that there are now some residents of St. 
Augustine who actually almost believe the stories themselves. There have been 
never wanting strangers to give implicit belief to the tales, and forgetting all the 
romantic conflicts of the past waged here in St. Augustine, to stand and gape in 




THE OLD PL.\ZA MARKET. 



foolish wonder at the old market; just as in like manner, perhaps, if brought into the 
presence of a hero of a hundred fateful conflicts, they would ignore the record of his 
valor and stand lost in vulgar contemplation of a wart on his nose. 

There is the " Plaza de la Constitution " [x/V], where the good Christians burnt their brethren a 
centurj- ago. * * * In the center stands the curious old market place, * • * this was the 
ancient slave mart, where God's image, carved in ebony, was bought and sold in most ungodly fashion; 
there is the place where they stood ranged in rows like cattle in a pen, so that the purchasers might 
walk to and fro examining them from all points to see that they had their money's worth. — Lady Diiffus 
Hardy, "Down South." 

All of which is interesting chiefly because it shows us that in writing grotesque 
accounts of what he thinks he sees in this country the traveling Englishman can be 
outdone by his countrywomen. Nero is credited with having burned Christians in oil 
to light up his orgies. Lady Hardy appears ruthlessly to have made the St. Augustine 
"Christians burn their brethren," for no other reason than to light her page with a 



The Standard Guide. 49 

dime novel glow. The list is long of writers on St. Augustine of whom it might be 
said that they would do better " not to know so much than to know .so many things, 
that aint so." Even Henry W. Longfellow wrote, in Poems of Places, that St. Augus- 
tine had "been many times ravageil by the P'rench, Indians and Spanish;" but of not 
a one of these ravagings does history give us any account, unless we reckon as 
" French" the Boucaniers from Hispaniola, who came here in 1665 under the leader- 
ship of Admiral Davis, fell upon the town, drove out the inhabitants, sacked and 
burned the dwellings, and sailed away with little booty for their pains. 

The park takes its name of Plaza de la Constitucion from the monument erected 
here by the Spaniards in 1813. This is a pyramid of coquina, stuccoed and white- 
washed, rising from a stone pcilestal, and surmounted l)y a cannon ball. It is not a 
work of high artistic pretension, nor of very imposing proportions, but its history is 
curious. The existence of such a memorial here in the United States is incongruous, 
for it commemorates a minor event of F^uropean history. 

In 1812. the Spanish Cortes completed the formation of a new ami liberal constitmion. In 
commemoration of this, monuments were erected in Spain and the Spanish provinces. .Vmong others 

was this one in the province of Florida, the 
v'^lQ'Za dC ICl CorXStitUCiOU. square then taking the name Ptaui de la Omsti- 

rs . , ^- , J • e tiuion. Kinally, in 1814, the war for indepcnd- 

Jvomolpada cr\ csia Ciudaade aan . ... / 1 . • .• 

__ i _j ence was brought to a successful termmation; 

yToustir> cUla ^lo.Mda Or.entaU-u ^nj I-erdinand VII.. having pledged himself 

l7cU Ocluljreclcl8l2 sitndorobenxa to support the new constitution, was recalled 

dor «l JirioadicrJ^otx ocbastxarvKm to the throne. Once in power, almost his first 

dalrn\ Cotalltro del Ordt'n df Santiaqo act was to repudiate the new constitution and 

J^ei ra ctcrna memoricL. '^"T " """ ^T "'f n '''"7'""' 'i^^'" 71 

_. _ her American dependencies it was commanded 

(.l,/4i|un(QmicnloConU.luc>o..cil Zr^'^o ,hat the m.muments erected two years previously 

cslc Ouiijco d;ri{.idrfpor5)on!7trT\ui>do in commemoration of the constitution, should be 

df loy^a^lrrcdondo eljo^Mv Jic^iolor destroyed. Notwithstanding the royal decree, 

2'«cnno \jJJoT\ ^/ranciscov/lobiru this one in Florida was not torn down. The 

J'"i-^curador Smdico.^ tablets were removed, but four years later (1818) 

77 . I /I Q 1 "T were restored to their places, where they have 

^ >n Ue lOlO remained ever since.— " 0/./ St. ^lugiuline," 

Later Years. 
The .Spanish inscription on the monument sets forth, as translated: " Plaza of the Constitution 
promulgated in the city of St. Augustine, in East Florida, on the I7lh day of October, in the year 1812; 
the Brigadier Don Sc-bastian Kindalem, Knight of the Order of Santiago, being (iovernor. For eternal 
remembrance the Constitutional City Council erected this monument, under the superintendence of Don 
Fernando de la Maza .\rredondo, the young municipal oflicer, oldest member of the corporation, and 
Don Francisco Robira, Attorney and Recorder. In the year 1813." 

A second monument in the Plaza, erected by the Ladies' Memorial .\ssociation. commemorates 
the volunteers from St. .\ugustine and vicinity, who lost their lives in the Confederate service. The 
shaft is of coquina, and bears the inscriptions: " Our Dead. Erected by the Ladies' .Memorial Associa- 
tion of St. .\ugustine. Fla., A. D. 1872." " In Memoriam. Our loved ones who gave their lives in 
the service of the Confederate States." "They died far from the home that gave them birth." " They- 
bave crossed the river and rest under the shade of the trees." 



5° 



The Standard Guide. 



Originally, no doubt, the square was designed as a parade for the maneuvering 
of troops. On a map of the town in British times, given in Old St. Ai/gustinf, it is 
designated as ''The Parade Ground." For this purpose it was employed so late as 
1865, when the sunset dress-parade of the United States troops on the Plaza was — 
ne.xt to the daily arrival of the mail stage — the great event of the day. 

Always a place of public assemblage, the Plaza has been the scene of two inci- 
dents which strikingly illustrate the curious vicissitudes of the town's history. The 
first of these was on that historic night in the year 1776 when the loyal British sub- 
jects of King George III. came 
together here and burned in 
effigy two of the signers of the 
Declaration of Independence. 
The second one, nearly a hun- 
dred years later, was the Fourth 
of July gathering of the citizens 
of St. Augustine in mass meeting 
on the Plaza to applaud the read- 
ing of that Declaration, which 
had now a new meaning because 
cemented and made good by the 
tremendous conflicts, the price- 
less sacrifices of the Civil ^\'ar. 

A person of antiquarian tastes 
might find much of interest in 
the alterations which have been 
made during the last fifty years 
in the Plaza surroundings. The 
Alameda was originally a high- 
walled alley ten feet wide; an- 
THE rL.\zA. other wall shut in the lot where 

the Post Office stands on the site 
of the old Governor's house, and another e.xtended from St. George street east to 
the Cathedral, and then to Charlotte street, where in Spanish times stood the guard 
house. 

Facing the Plaza on the west (St. George street) is the Post Office; the east 
end is open to the bay. On the south rises the spire of Trinity Church; and on the 
north St. Joseph's Cathedral. The edifice was completed in 1791, burned in 1S87 
and rebuilt and enlarged in 1887-88. One of the original bells bears the inscription, 
" Sanctf. • JosiU'H • Or.\ • Pro • Nobis • D • 1682." It has been claimed that 
this bell is the oldest on the continent; it may be the most ancient within the limits 
of the United States; it antedates by three years the famous bell in the Dutch church 
at Tarrytown, N. Y., which bears the date 16S5. The Cathedral is not old when 
compared with numerous other church edifices in this country; it is. for e.\ample, 
nearly a hundred years more modern than the Tarrytown church referred to. 




t ' JU.l ' ;,» ' W4JWJM i AW.Wy K - ' -LJlKH. >.J. ' -U.M M il l 




•^ 






I 



FORT MARION. 




ORT MARION is at the north end of the sea-walL 
and commands the harbor. It is not occupied by- 
troops. Open dail)^ (admission free) from 8 A. M. 
to 4 P. M. Afternoon is the most pleasant time for 
visiting the fort. Sergeant George M. Brown, who- 
is in charge, will conduct visitors through the case- 
mates. For this service, which is entirely voluntary, a fee 
--*k-r-^'^ ---»■-■ — is usually given. The fort, which is the only example of 
■^^ITii^'^-,^-,!^ ^ mediaeval fortification on this continent, is a magnificent 

specimen of the art of military engineering as developed at the time of its construc- 
tion. It is a massive structure of coquina stone, with curtains, bastions, moat and 
outworks, covering, with the reservation, more than twenty-two acres. 

Surrounding the fort on the three land sides is an immense artificial hill of earth, 
called the g/aa's. From the crest of the glacis on the southeast, a bridge (i), formerly 
a drawbridge, leads across part of the moat to the barbacan. The barhacan is a for- 
tification, surrounded by the moat, directly in front of the fort entrance, which it was. 
designed to protect. In the barbacan at the stairway (2) are the Arms of Spain. A 
second bridge (3), originally a drawbridge, leads from the barbacan across the wide 
moatX.0 the sally-port (4), which is the only entrance to the fort. This was provided 
with a heavy door called X.\\& portcullis. On the outer wall, above the sally-port is the- 
escutcheon, bearing the Arms of Spain; and the Spanish legend, which read: 

REYXANDO EX ESr.\X.V EL SEX" 
DOX FERXAXDO SEXTO V SIEXDO 
GOVoR Y CAPN DE ESA C'd .San AUG" DE 
LA FLORID.A E SUS PROVa EL MARESCAL 
DE CAMPO DNALOXZO FERXdo HEREDA 
ASI COXCLUIO ESTE CASTILLO EL AX 
CD 1756 DIRI^EXDO LAS OBRAS EL 
CAP IXGX'Ro DX PEDRO DE BROZAS 
Y t;AR.\Y 

Translation: "Don Ferdinand YL, being King of Spain, and the Field Marshal Don Alonzo- 
Fernando Hereda being Governor and Captain-General of this place, San Augustin of Florida, and its- 
province, this fort was finished in the year 1756. The works were directed by the Captain-Engineer,. 
Don Pedro de Brozas of Garay." 



54 



The Standard Gtcide. 



The inscription has been almost obliterated by the elements. Its present condi- 
tion is admirably shown in the illustration on the opposite page. 

At the second drawbridge we come face to face with the main entrance, surmounted by a tablet 
bearing an inscription and the Spanish Coat of Arms. ' It seems to be two dragons, two houses for the 
dragons, and a supply of mutton hung up below,' said Sara irreverently making game of the royal 
insignia of Spain. — Constance Fcnimoye JVoolson. 

Within the fort on the right of the entrance hall (5) is the old bake room (6), and 
beyond this are two dark chambers (7 and 8), which were probably used for storage. 
On the left is xhc guards' room (7 left). The hall opens upon a large square court 

(103 by 109 feet). Around 
this court are casemates (10), 
or rooms which were used for 
barracks, messrooms, store- 
rooms, etc. Some of these 
casemates were divided into 
lower and upper apartments. 
To each casemate on the 
west side a beam of light is 
admitted through a narrow 
window or embrasure, high 
up near the arched ceiling. 
From the first east casemate 
a door leads back into an in- 
'terior dark room (9). From 
the furthest casemate (11) on 
the same side an entrance 
leads back into a dark cham- 
ber (12), off from which a 
narrow passage leads through 
a wall 5 feet deep into a 
space 6 feet wide; and from 
this a low aperture 2 feet 
square gives access through 
another wall 5 feet deep, into 
an innermost vault or cham- 
ber (14), which is 19^ feet 
long, 1 3; '3 feet broad, and 8 
feet high. The arched roof 
is of solid masonry. There is no other outlet than the single aperture. This is the far 
famed " dungeon " of Fort Marion. It was designed for a powder magazine or a bomb- 
proof. When the fort was in repair the chamber was dry and fit for use as a safe 
deposit for explosives; but when the water from above percolated through the coquina, 
this bomb-proof or powder magazine became damp and unwholesome. For this 
reason it was no longer used except as a place to throw rubbish into. Then it bred 




PLAN OF FORT MARION. 
From Old St. A ugustine. 
1, bridge from barbacan to glacis. 2. stairway to barbacan, 3. bridge over 
moat. 4, sally-port. 5, ball. 6, bake room. 7, 8, dark rooms. 7 (left) guards' 
room. 9, interior dark room. 10. 10. casemates. 11, casemate. 12, interior 
darkroom. 14, bombproof. 15, chapel. 16, darkroom, loa, treasurer's room. 
lof, casemate from which Coacoochee escaped. B, bastion. W, water-tower. 



The Standard Guide. 



55 



r 




W"-\ 



- ^^15^ fa g) V 







FORT MARION— bl'AKISH COAT OF ARMS. 



5" 



TJic Standard Guide. 



fevers; and finally, as a sanitary measure, the Spaniards walled it up, and the middle 
room (12) as well. They did this in the readiest way by closing the entrance with 
coquina masonry. When the United States came into possession of the fort the 
officers stationed here did not suspect the existence of these disused chambers, 
although among the residents of the town were men who had knowledge of them, 
and of their prosaic use as a deposit for rubbish. One of these residents is still living 
(1888), and has related to the writer his recollection of the disused powder magazine, 
as he was familiar with it when he was a boy employed at the fort. In 1839 the 




FORT MARION — INCLINED PL.\NE. 



masonry above the middle chamber caved in, and wiiile the engineers were making 
repairs, the closed entrance to the innermost chamber was noticed, and investigation 
led to its discovery. Refuse and rubbish were found there. The report was given 
out — whether at the time or later — that in this rubbish were some bones. From this 
insignificant beginning the myth-makers evolved first the tale that the bones were 
human; then they added a rusty chain and a staple in the wall — a gold ring on one 
skeleton's finger — instruments of torture — iron cages — a pair of boots — and a Spanish 
Inquisition tale of horror. Writers from St. Augustine have rung the changes on it: 



The Standard Guide. 57 

In one of ihcm [tht two chambers] a wooilen machine was found, whicli some supposed might 
have been a rack, and in the other a quantilj- of human bones.— Williani CulUn Jin'anI (1S42). 

A human skeleton, with the fragments of a pair of l>oots and an empty mug for water, it is alleged 
were discovered within. • * ♦ As to the name, character, standing, guilt or innocence, pleasures 
or pain, of the poor unfortunate to whom the boots and bones belonged, there is silence.— A',t. /'. A'. 
A-i£/a//(l8.)8). 

There was found in one corner of it a human skeleton, the soles of a pair of shoes, and an earthen 
jug and cup. Not a single other object did its naked, shiny, arched walls cover.— C7;,w. Zanw,;;/ (1S54). 

Legends connected with the dark chambers and prison vaults, the chains, the instruments of tor- 
ture, the skeletons walled in, its closed and hidden recesses. — Gto. yf. /uiirianis (1S5S). 

The dungeon which was discovered in eighteen something, where the rock fell in and revealed the 
skeletons of human creatures hung to the walls in iron cages, star%'cd in sight of food and water, barred 
from the breath of heaven by solid masonry. — Eliuibdh Stuart Phdfs (1876). 

Chill, black, and dismal as the grave, is this partly underground dungeon, where in 1S35 two 
skeletons were found chained to the wall— victims, no doubt, to some cruel Spanish inquisition.— Z<j</r 
Duff us Hardy ( 1 880). 

Near the entrance were the remains of a fire, the ashes and bits of pine wood burned off toward 
the center of the pile, in which they had been consumed. Upon the side of the cell was a rusty suple, 
with about three links of chain attached thereto. Near the wall, on the west side of the cell, were a few- 
bones. Finding these very rotten, and crumbling to pieces under his touch, the engineer spru.id his 
handkerchief upon the fl(x>r and brushed very gently tl-e few fragments of bone into it. These were 
shown to the surgeon then stalioneil at the |v>st. who said they might be human bones, but were so badly 
crumbled and decayed, he could not determine definitely. Nothing else was found in the cell. — //'. //'. 
Dnvhurst {\^i\). 

This tale of the bones in the dungeon was formerly received with the eager credence that the early 
■explorers gave to the rumors of gold mines in Florida; but in later years, although the makers of sensa- 
tional guide books cling tenaciously to the dungeon relics, skeptics have arisen, who deny the truth of 
the story. They probably are right. U is of no moment. The fault lies not in the story of St. . Augus- 
tine's three centuries, but in its telling, if the chapters of this book have not shown that the romance 
investing Fort Marion does not center about the alleged discovery of human bones in its walled-up 
chambers, and needs not to be groped for with a torch in subterranean passages. The incident even 
if true might well be spared. Who thinks otherwise, has strangely misread the histor)- of the changing 
fortunes which transformed the Indian council house into the fort of logs, and have converted Spain's 
proudly equipix'd fortress into this massive pile of crumbling masonry. 

Recall the days when San Juan de Pinos was the defense of the half-starved Spanish garrison; and 
when of those huddled within the stockades, one and other braver than the rest, ventured out beyond 
the lines for fish or game, and falling before the blow of the lurking savage, came never again. 
Remember those long years of misery, when Indian slave, English prisoner and .Spanish convict labored 
beneath the lash of the driver, and with burdensome toil and suffering unspeakable builded their very 
lives into these coquina ba.stions. Replace the heavy iron gratings of casemate and cell; send home 
the clanging bolt and bar; listen to the piteous pleading of husband for imprisoned wife and of wife 
for imprisoned husband, and hear the shutting to of doors upon manacled wTetches, who from the gloom 
<Jf that inner darkness shall never emerge to look upon the sun. Light again in the dim chapel the ever- 
burning lamp before the tabernacle; restore to the niches their images, its cloth to the altar, the water 
to the font; and bring back the pageantry of ceremonial rites, chant of mass and murmur of confes- 
sional. Remember those momentous days, when Castle San Marco — standing here for the very main- 
tenance of Spain in North .\merica — bore the brunt of well concerted assault. Build anew the shattered 
defenses; flood the moat; raise the draw-bridge; let fall the portcullis; mount the guard; fling bravely 
out from the ramp.->rt the banner of Castile; and let the artiller)- belch angry defiance of the hosts under 
the Red Cross. Hear the sharp word of command, the tread of battalions, the rattle of volley and the 



58 



The Standard Gtiide. 



screech of cannon ball. Look out, with the famishing women and children, over the bay and beyond 
the camps of the besiegers on Anastatia, and scan the sea in vain for the coming of a friendly fleet; 
after the weeks of famine, hear at last, in the night, the shouts of rescuers, and then, the lessening- 
drum beat of the departing British. Or, since you are an American, recall again those later years, when 
the soldiers of George the Third guarded Fort St. Marks and imprisoned Patriots languished in its 
cells; and keeping weary vigil with the white-haired Gadsden, let your patriotism kindle and in the 
damp-walled dungeon take on a brighter glow. So review all the stirring chronicle — 

Of sallies and retires, of trenches, tents, 

Of palisadoes, frontiers, parapets ; 

Of basilisks, of cannon, culverin, 

Of prisoners ransom'd, and of soldiers slain. 

And all the 'currents of a heady fight — 

and then may be known something of that story — which in truth is worthy to be known — of Fort Marior> 
in St. Augustine. — " Old St. Augustine" Fort Marion. 

But however commonplace and practical may have been the real purpose and 
use of these underground chambers in old times, they are certainly uncanny and 
mysterious enough now, and when one follows the guide's torch from the dark rooms, 
through the "dungeon crawl," into the last gloomy pent recess, some weird tale of 

hapless victims entombed alive harmo- 
nizes with the flickering torch, the damp' 
earthy odor, and the dimly seen smoke- 
begrimed encompassing walls. 

Facing the court on the north was the 
chapel (is)- Its walls and ceiling and 
altar and niches are bright with mould 
and moss and lichen; strange mutations 
have come to town and fort since the 
room was dismantled of its ornaments. 
The chapel was used for religious ser- 
vices as late as the civil war. In 1875 
it was converted into a school-room for 
the Western Indians who were confined 
here. The elaborate portico of the 
chapel was the most pretentious bit of 
architecture of the fort; but has so 
, crumbled away that its form can no- 
longer be traced. In the wall outside, 
above the chapel door, the French as- 
tronomers, who came here in 1879 to 
observe the transit of Venus, have left 
a marble tablet in commemoration of the 
visit. The inscription reads: "Plaque 
commemorative du passage de Venus- 
observe au Fort Marion le 9 D^cembre, 
1882, par MM. le Colonel Perrier, le 
Commandant Bassat, le Capitaine Def- 
NicHE IN CHAPEL. foges, dc I'Arm^e Fran^aise." 




The Standard Guide. 



59 



I"' 





■J 






i 







^AiLMAIL buuK. 



6o 



The Standard Guide. 



In the northwest bastion is another dark room (16). Some of these dark 
dungeons of the fort have been used at different times for the confinement of 




SALLY-PORT AND WATCH TOWER. 



prisoners. Patriots from Charleston were confined here by the British in the Revo- 
lution; the Spaniards kept the famous outlaw McGirlh in one of these cells five years; 
and there are old people in St. Augustine to-day who will tell of pallid convicts led 



The Standard Guide. 



6i 




from the fort dungeons to execution. At the close of the last war refractory soldiers 
were punished by solitary confinement in these cells. Casemate \oc is known as 
"Coacoochee's cell; " and is famous as the one from which that chief escaped. Coa- 

coochee and Osceola, two of the most in- 
fluential chiefs of the Seminoles, in the war 
which began in 1S35, were ca])tured, with 
a number of their followers, and imprisoned 
in the casemates at Fort Marion, whence 
they were to be taken to Fort Moultrie in 
Charleston harbor. Coacoochee resolved 
upon escape. His subsequent account of 
the affair was as follows: 

We had been growing sickly from day to day, and 
so resolved to make our escape, or die in the at- 
tempt. We were in a rixjm, eighteen or twenty feet 
S(|uare. All the light admitted was through a hole 
(embrasure), about eighteen feet from the floor. 
Through this wc must effect our escape, or remain 
and die with sickness. A sentinel was constantly 
posted at the door. .As we looked at it from our 
oscEOt.A. \xis, wc thought it small, but believed that, could 

we get our heads through we should have nu further 

nor serious difficulty. To reach the hole was the first object. In order to effect this, we from time to 

time cut up the forage-bags allowed us to sleep on, and made them into ropes. The hole I could not 

reach when upon the shoulder of my companion; but while standing upon his shoulder, I worked a 

knife into a crevice of the stonework, as far up as I could rc.ich, 

and upon this I raised myself to the aperture, when I found that, 

with some reduction of person, I could get through. In order 

to reduce ourselves as much as possible, wc took metlicine live 

days. Under the pretext of being very sick, wc were permitted 

to obtain the roots we required. For some weeks we watched 

the moon, in order that the night of our attempt it should be as 

dark as possible. At the proper time we commenced the medi- 
cine, calculating upon the entire disappearance of the moon. 

The keeper of this prison, on the night determined upon to make 

the effort, annoyed us by frequently coming into the room, and 

talking and singing. At first we thought of tying him and put- 
ting his head in a bag; so that, should he call for assistance, he 

could not be heard. We first, however, tried the experiment of 

pretending to be asleep, and when he returned to pay no regard 

to him. This accomplished our object. lie came in, and went 

Immediately out; and we could hear him snore in the immediate 

vicinity of the door. I then took the rope, which we had secreted 

under our bed, and mounting upon the shoulder of my comrade, 

raised myself by the knife worked into the crevices of the stone, 

and succeeded in reaching the embrasure. Here I m.ide fast the 

rope, that my friend might follow me. I then passed through 

the hole a sufticient length of it to reach the ground upon the 

outside (about twenty-live feet) in the ditch. I had calculated COACOOCHEE. 




62 The Standard Guide. 

the distance when going for roots. With much difficultj- I succeeded in getting ray head through; for 
the sharp stones took the skin off my breast and back. Putting my head through first. I was obHged 
to go down head foremost, until my feet were through, fearing every moment the rope would break. 
At last, safely on the ground, I awaited with an.xiety the arrival of my comrade. I had passed another 
rope through the hole, which, in the event of discovery, Talmus Hadjo was to pull, as a signal to me 
from the outside, that he was discovered, and could not come. As soon as I struck the ground, I took 
hold of the signal for intelligence from my friend. The night was very dark. Two men passed near 
me, talking earnestly, and I could see them distinctly. Soon I heard the struggle of my companion far 
above me. He had succeeded in getting his head through, but his body would come no farther. In 
the lowest tone of voice, I urged him to throw out his breath, and then tr)'; soon after, he came tumbling 
down the whole distance. For a few moments I thought him dead. I dragged him to some water close 
by, which restored him; but his leg was so lame he was unable to walk. I took him upon my shoulder 
to a scrub, near the town. Daylight was just breaking, it was evident we must move rapidly. I caught 
a mule in the adjoining field, and making a bridle out of my sash, mounted my companion, and started 
for the St. John's River. The mule was used one day, but fearing the whiles would track us, we felt 
more secure on foot in the hammock, though moving very slow. Thus we continued our journey five 
days, subsisting on roots and berries, when I joined my band, then assembled on the headwaters of the 
Tomoka River, near the Atlantic coast. 

Coacoochee finally surrendered and was removed to Arkansas, where he took the 
leadership of his people. Osceola was removed to Fort Moultrie, Charleston, where 
shortly afterward he died.* Near the casemate through which Coacoochee made his 
escape a fig tree is growing from a crevice in the wall. 

From the southeast corner of the court, to the right of the entrance hall, a stone 
ascent leads up to the platform (or terrepleiii) of the ramparts. This ascent, now a 
series of steps of recent construction, was originally an inclined plane, by which artil- 
lery was raised to the ramparts. 

At the outer angle of each bastion (B) is 5. sentry box (W), that on the northwest 
(25 feet high) being also a watch-totuer for looking to seaward. Distance from corner 

T 

T 




OrrLINE OF FORT M.\RION. 
A, covered way. B, bastion. C, curtain. G, glacis. I, inclined plane, M, moat. T, watch-tower. W, water battery. 

to corner, 317 feet. The four walls of the fort between the bastions are the curtains. 
There are four equal bastions and four equal curtains. The walls of the fort are 
9 feet thick at base, 4I-2 at top, and 25 feet high, above the present moat level. 
Battlements similar to those on the other sides formerly defended the east (water) 
side of the ramparts. The bastions are filled with earth, and there is no foundation 

* Disputes over the boundaries of the Indian reservations and quarrels over fugitive slaves, which the Seminoles were 
accused of harboring, led to the Seminole War-the most costly and disastrous of the minor wars of the United States. At 
the end of seven years, in 1842, the Indians were subdued, captured and transported to the reservation assigned them, where 
the remnant of their tribe yet remains in the Indian Territory. 



The Stattdard Guide. 



6j 



for the romantic tale of a subterranean passageway which formerly led from the 
southwest bastion to a neighboring convent. The fort is surrounded by a moat, 40 




BASTIONS — BRIDGE TO BARBACAN — ANCIENT CHIMNEY. 



feet wide. It was formerly deeper than at present, had a perfectly cemented concrete 
floor, and was flooded from the bay at high tide. Running along the outer edge of the 



64 



The Standard Guide. 



moat are narrow level spaces called coi'cred-ways; and wider levels called places-of- 

anns, where artillery was mounted and the troops gathered, protected by the outer 

wall or parapet, 
from which slopes 
the glacis. The for- 
tification of stone 
(waff?- battery) in 
front is of modern 
construction, hav- 
ing been built by 
the United States 
in 1842; and the 
small brick build- 
ing [hot shot fur- 
nace) in the moat 
between the east 
curtain and the 
water battery dates 
from 1844. In dif- 
ferent forms and 
bearing different 
names, St. Augus- 
tine's fort has been 
established more 
than three centu- 
ries; for two hun- 
dred years the fort 
was St. Augustine, 
and St. Augustine 
was Florida. First 
a rude and tempo- 
rary fortification of 
logs, it expanded in 
plan and magni- 
tude until devel- 
oped into the great 
stone fortress of 
1756. Menendez, 
tlie founder of St. 
Augustine, in 1565, 
utilized the Indian 
council-house as a 

defense against the threatened attack by the Huguenots from Fort Caroline on the St. 

John's River. After his heartless massacre of the French at JIatanzas Inlet, the 




NORTHEAST TOWER. 



The Standard Guide. 



65 



Spaniard stood in just fear of a hostile fleet from France; and he set about building 
a regular fort of logs. This was the San Juan de Pinos, taken by Francis Drake. 

When the Span- 
iards discovered 
the coquina quar- 
ries on Anastasia 
Island, they under- 
took the construc- 
tion of a fort of 
stone. In thosr 
ilays the progrt-s^ 
of such a work wa^ 
slow; and when tin 
Boucaniers came t^ 
St. .\ugustine in 
1665, the fort, al- 
though well und( I 
way, was not in , 
condition to offr: 
resistance. Con- 
victs from Sjiain 
and Mexico, with 
Indians and slaves, 
toiled at the walls; 
and when Jonathan 
Dickinson, the shi|v 
wrecked Quaker 
from Philadelphia, 
came to St. Augus- 
tine in 1695, li< 
found the walls 30 
feet high. This was 
the Fort San Marco, 
which Moore, tin 
British Governor o 
Carolina, fruitlessl\ 
besieged in 170J. 
^and C.overnor Og- 
lethorpe of Georgia 
cannonaded with- 
out effect for forty 
days in 1740. Fort 

San Marco was one of a series of fortifications which defended St. Augustine; other 
forts were just north of the town, west on the St. John's, and south at Matanzas Inlet. 




■ I I 1IKA>I 



U K h . 



66 



TJie Standard Guide. 



The walls are built of coquina, which in its day was considered a very excellent 
material for this purpose, since cannon balls would sink into the wall without shatter- 
ing it as they would harder stone. On the sea front of the southwest bastion are a 
number of crevices, which, according to local tradition, were caused by British cannon 
balls from the opposite shore when the fort was besieged by Oglethorpe. 

When the colony of Carolina was established the English grant extended so far 
south that it actually took in St. Augustine. The Spaniards, on the other hand, dis- 
puted England's right to any part of the 
continent whatever, and for the half 
century succeeding, Spanish expeditions 
sailed against the English colonies, and 
British expeditions came against St. 
Augustine. Governor Moore of Caro- 
lina led his forces against the town in 
1 702, but was repulsed and driven back. 
When Oglethorpe brought out his 
Georgia colony, the Spaniards resented 
the new encroachments upon their ter- 
ritory, and the two colonies were at 
constant war. In 1740 Oglethorpe cap- 
tured the Spanish forts on the St. 
John's, and then, while his land forces 
besieged the town on the north, his 
naval contingent landed on Anastasia 
Island, and for forty days bombarded 
Fort San Marco. The townspeople took 
refuge in the fort, where they nearly 
starved before the siege was finally 
lifted. The Georgia general at length became discouraged and withdrew. 

In those days of crude weapons, the coquina bastions were capable of withstand- 
ing a much more serious attack than that of Oglethorpe's batteries; but the art of war 
has changed since then and Fort Marion's coquina would quickly be shattered by the 
artillery of the present. Shortly after commg into the possession of the United States, 
the fort was named Fort Marion, in honor of the famous Revolutionary hero, General 
Francis Marion. 




GENERAL MARION. 



Writing from St. Augustine, William CuUen Bryant criticised this as "a foolish change of name." 
But why foolish? If Moultrie is thus honored, and Sumter the "Game Cock," why not Marion the 
"Swamp Fox?" Is it not the veriest romance of history that the Spanish fortress planted here by 
Menendez, the hunter of French Huguenots, should at last yield up its saintly name for that of a hero 
in whose veins flowed the blood of other Huguenot exiles? And is it not the final justice of time that 
the British stronghold, within whose dungeons rebellious Patriots were immured, should receive from 
the nation which those prisoners helped to establish, the honored name of one who endured with them 
the perils and privations of its cause, and won with them the final glorious triumph? — " Old St. Augus- 
tine," Fort Marion. 



The Stajidard Guide. 



6- 



Fort Marion has been dismantled. A few antiquated and long-silent cannon are 
preserved as suggestions of the warlike character of the surroundings, and here and 
there the rusted throat of a half-buried gun breaks the surface of the moat; while on 
the northwest crest of the glacis reposes a great cannon, about which cattle peacefully 
browse and children innocently play. 

I like to be alone upon the fort. Beautiful, dreadful, massive thing ! I like to play with it as 
ignoranlly as a baby with an cacyclopa-dia. I am grieved when " the season " sets in, and the tourist 
who knows things stands in groups with his wife and daughters, discoursing of the bastion and the demi- 
lune, of the ramparts and the dungeons, of the exact inscription upon the old, old coat of arms above 
the door (though I don't think he called it the door), which seemed so pretty till I heard him talk about 
it. I don't want to be instructed about that fort. It spoils it all to know everything about it. It is 
enough for me to know that I was never in a fort before, and that this (unless it be the ruin at Matanzas) 
is the oldest in the country, and that from its summit I can see the magnificent line of breakers over 
the bar, which shelters St. Augustine so tenderly that she sits almost like an inland city, widowed 
alike from the traffic and the terror of the sea. — Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Atlantic Monthly. 




CANNON ON NORTfTWEST GLACIS. 




THE SEA-WALL 



\XTENDING from the water-battery of Fort Marion south along the 
water front of the town to the United States barracks, stands 
a sea-wall of coquina capped with New Englanfi granite. It 
affords a necessary protection against the encroachment of 
the sea. The site of St. Augustine is so low that under cer- 
tain conditions of wind and tide the waves would inundate 
much of the town. In heavy east storms the water dashes over the top of the wall. 
The need of such a barrier against the sea was recognized at an early time. 
There is a touch of the humorous side of history in the spectacle of Spain, having 
chosen this bit of Florida soil for a town, building first a huge fort to defend it from 
invaders, and then a great wall to protect it from the inroads of the sea. The records 
tell us that the soldiers volunteered their labor and contributed part of their pay 
toward the construction of the first sea-wall. They were wise enough in their day 
and generation to understand that if the town were swept away their lazy occupation 
of garrisoning it would tumble into the sea along with it. The first wall e.xtended 
only to the center of the town; a plan of the town at the time of the British occupa- 
tion, given in Old St. Augustine, shows that the wall then terminated at the Plaza. 

The present wall was built by the United States, in 1835-42, as a complement to 
the repairs of Fort Marion, at an expense of $100,000. Length, Yi^ mile; height, 10 
feet; width of granite coping, 3 feet. 

At different points stairways descend to the boat landings at water level; and 
near the Plaza and the Barracks are recesses or basins where boats unload their 
freight and find shelter from storms. 

From the wall a charming prospect is afforded of the sail-dotted harbor, the shin- 
ing sand dunes of the beach, the green stretch of Anastasia with the lighthouse rising 
against the eastern sky, and the quivering mirage north and south. The wall itself 
harmonizes admirably with the fort, and its sweeping curves add not a little to the 
beauty of St. Augustine's water front, although the effect has been marred by inter- 
position of numerous wharves Writers of the Sidney Lanier school have not failed 
to e.xtol the sea-wall as a promenade for the moonlight strolls of lovers; there is also 
revealed at every low tide abundant ocular evidence that from time immemorial 
prosaic souls (possibly the same lovers grown old) have found "over the sea-wall" 
a convenient dumping ground for old bottles, tin cans and other household refuse. 



The Standard Guide. 



69 



Among the improvements which are projected for St. Augustine is the filling in 
of the sea-wall basin opposite the Plaza. If this shall be done, there will be pro- 




vided an unobstructed driveway along the bay from Fort Marion to the Barracks. 
Treasury street, famed among the narrow streets of the town, opens upon the sea- 
wall, just north of the Plaza. 



ST FRANCIS BARRACKS. 



i^fT^ 




OMPLEMENTING the battlements and watch-towers of Fort 
Marion on the north, the St. Francis Barracks stand out con- 
spicuously at the south end of the sea-wall facing the Matanzas. 
They are occupied by United States troops. The out-door 
concerts given by the military band, the dress-parades and the 
guard-mount at sunset on the parade in front of the barracks 
are among the attractions of St. Augustine. 

Almost continuously since it was founded by the mailed 
soldiers of Menendez, St. Augustine has been a military sta- 
tion. Under Spanish rule it was little else than a garri- 
son post. When the British came, they emulated the martial 
■^i*" spirit of their predecessors, and on the plain south of the town, 

with bricks brought from the banks of the Hudson River, erected a huge barrack, 
which cost a tremendous sum, and shortly after completion went up in smoke. 

St. Francis Barracks take their name from the Franciscan convent, whose former 
site they occupy. The convent was abandoned when Florida was ceded to Great 
Britain in 1763; and when Spain resumed possession of the town, in 1783, it was 
utilized by the Spanish Governor as barracks for his troops. The old building has 
been greatly modified by the United States Government, although not entirely rebuilt; 
and some of the original coquina walls of the convent remain. 

To Florida with the adventurer had come the missionarj-; one to win treasure, the other to win 
souls. The gold-seeker returned from his quest chagrined; not so the Franciscan. He found here a 
field vast beyond reckoning; and, waiting to be gathered, a harvest more precious than had been pictured 
in the fondest dream of his pious enthusiasm. The military prestige of Florida soon faded away, but 
year by year its religious importance increased; and ever, with the expansion of his work, the Francis- 
can's zeal grew more intense and his labors more devoted. The country was in time erected into a 
religious province, with a chapter house of the Order of .San Francisco at San .\ugustin; and thence the 
members went forth to plant the standard of their faith in the remotest wilderness. Far out on the 
border of savanna, in the depth of forest, and on the banks of river and lake, by the side of the Indian 
trails westward to the Gulf, north among the villages of Alachua, and south to everglade fastnesses; 
here and there, and everywhere that lost souls were worshipping strange gods, the Franciscan built his 
chapel, intrenched it round about with earthwork and palisade, and gathered the erring children of the 
forest to hear the wondrous story of the Cross. — " OM S/. Augus/iite," The Franciscans. 

A short distance south of the Barracks is the Military Cemetery. An admission 



Tfie Standard Guide. 



71 




m 1 k wiis n\RRACKS. 



pass is required and may be had (hi a|)i)iication to the adjutant of the post, whose 
office is ()ppi)site the Barracks. In the cemetery are the three low pyramids of 
masonry forming the tombs of officers and men who lost their lives in the Seminole. 
War. The memorial shaft is commonly spoken of as " Dade's Monument," because 
more than one hundred t)f the soldiers interred here were those who perished in the 
" Dade Massacre." This was one of the most tragic incidents of the Seminole War. 

In AupuM, 1S35, Major Dade and a command of troops, no all told, were on their way from Fort 
Brooke to Fort King. Al half past nine o'clock, Tuesday morning, August 2S, they were marching 
through an open pine barren, four miles from the Great Wahoo Swamp. The bright sun was shining; 
flowers bloomed along the path; gay butterflies flitted about them; the silence was broken only by the 
iColian melody of the pines. The men were marching carelessly, with no suspicion of danger, where 
surely no foe could lurk. Suddenly, without an instant's warning — from pine, from palmetto scrub, 
_._ from the very grass at their feet — burst upon them the shrill 

war-whoop, the flashing and crackling of rifles, and the whist- 
ling, deadly rain of bullets. Sixty of the troops fell mortally 
wounded. The rest rallied: trained the cannon, and attempted 
to form breastworks of logs; but in vain. In quick succession, 
one after another, they fell. Had the earth yawned to swallow 
them like the army of Korah, the obliteration could have been 
little more complete. Of the tie, three, miserably wounded, 
dragged themselves away, two soon after to die of their wounds. 
— " Old St. Augustine" The Seminole. 



The pyramids are stuccoed and devoid of ornamentation. 
""C^"', -._., The inscriptions read: "Sacred to the memory of the Officers 

•^ ^"^ and Soldiers killed in battle and died on ser\'ice during the 

Florida War." "This monument has been erected in token of respectful and affectionate remem- 
brance by their comrades of all grades, and is committed to the care and preser\'ation of the garrison 
of St. Augustine," 





HARBOR AND BEACH. 



HELTERED by the spit of land called the North Beach, and by 
Anastasia Island, St. Augustine's harbor is a sheet of water 
admirably adapted for pleasure sailing and rowing. These are 
among the staple winter amusements. At the wharves will be 
found a large fleet of sail boats, which are safe and commodious; 
and they are manned by capable and trustworthy skippers, who 
display a high degree of skill in the handling of their boats. 
Most of the craft are of local production, and built on a model peculiar to the harbor. 
Usual rates of hire, 50 cents to $1.00 per hour. In addition to these boats for charter, 
there are usually here in winter sail and steam yachts from the North; and the pri- 
vate craft range all the way from the Minorcan fisherman's dugout (a survival of the 
ancient Florida Indian's rude log boat) and the clumsy wood-scows to the light and 
speedy naphtha launches, now coming into such common use as yacht tenders, which 
dart about the bay with the swiftness of a bird, the grace of a canoe, and the import- 
ance and business air of a steam tug towing a Cunarder. 

An afternoon afloat is likely to prove one of the most pleasant memories of a 
visit to St. Augustine. What with the changing landscape — a shifting panorama of 
water and land and sky — charming views of the town as seen from the bay, bright 
sails in the harbor, and multitudinous forms of marine life, there is always enough to 
interest and amuse. Fort Marion is well worth seeing from the water; the propor- 
tions of the fortification are hardly appreciated until one has approached it from the 
harbor which its artillery once defended. 

Extended excursions may be made to Matanzas; up the North River; and to 
Anastasia Island, Bird Island and the Beaches, called North and South with reference 
to the harbor entrance. North Beach is a term applied to the shores of both ocean 
and harbor and the long narrow spit of land formed by them. Along the shores 
extend irregular lines of sand dunes, which are ever shifting in the wind and chang- 
ing their shape, like the northern snowdrifts they so closely resemble. From the bay 
or from the opposite shore the North Beach presents a scene of rare beauty, with its 
narrow strip of shining silver sand between the blue of the water and the deeper blue 
of the sky. Arrived at the shore, one finds half-buried wrecks and sea-wrack to 
dream over, shells to gather, innumerable forms of curious marine life to investigate, 
and the never ending, always new study of wave motion and color. 







^ I 






ifMr^M 



The Standard Guide. 



-■^mm^ 




's^^fr^,;^ 1 '. i ?''■■!> . 



'■'jiji^'ii; 






FORT MARION FROM THE NORTH. 



Oh, what shells! Incredible that they should be selling for large prices by the quart, like candy 
in the Boston shops. They lie brilliant, vital, it seems sentient, beneath our touch, like flowers. We 
beach the Elizabeth upon the silver bar, and wander like children among them. At first I object to 
gathering them, as I do to rifling a garden; and to the last I find myself turning out of my way to avoid 
stepping upon the perfect and rich-tinted things; as if they had blood and could be hurt. — Elizabeth 
Stuart Phelps. 

At sunset the Florida seashore takes on a peculiar beauty. Surf and beach are 
transplendent with the soft shades and delicate tints of the sky; the atmosphere is 
aglow with color, and there comes to one the novel experience of not alone beholding 
the distant glories of the west, but of actually standing in and being surrounded by 
the effulgence of the dying day. 

But the average St. Augustine skipper is not inclined to linger for sunset effects 
on the North Beach; the one practical consideration with him is that when the sun 
goes down the sea breeze will go down too, and his boat and party will be becalmed; 
experience has taught him the wisdom of an early return to town. 

The porpoises which frequent the harbor in great numbers have always been a 
conspicuous feature of these waters. Away back in 1563, before the Spaniards had 
founded St. Augustine, the French explorers who came here found the porpoises (or 
dolphins) so numerous that they gave to the river the name Rivilic des Daitphines. 



PONCK D1-: Li:Ui\. 



IT was a stormy and tempestuous career. Born of sturdy stock in the Moor-be- 
* leaguered city of Leon, figliting for his country at an age when boys are yet at 
school, knowing well the ways of war but unused to the indolence of peace, Juan 
Ponce enlisted under Columbus in his second voyage to America; and in the New 
World grew old in war- 
fare and conquest and 
the amassing of wealth. 
Then came the story of 
the Fountain, the e.vpe- 
dition in its search, the 
discovery of Florida, dis- 
appointment, buffeiings 
with fortune, and at the 
last the Indian death ar- 
row. This is the out- 
lined story of the Spanish 
Knight who won fame by 
a fantastic pursuit of a 
chimera. He was a pro- 
ductof hisage. In these 
days we are wiser. And 
yet, from the view-point 
of three centuries, the in- 
dulgent world is not dis- 
posed to regard Ponce de 
Leon as a lunatic. The 
personality t>f the man 
has been forgotten; his 
name stands for the 
Fountain search. Popu- 
lar fancy has removed 
him from the plane of 
historical characters, and 
exalted him to the realms 
of romance. De Leon 

with his Fountain has bsen given a place with Jason and the Golden Fleece, Sir 
Galahad and the Holy Grail, and those other personages half-real, half-mythical, 
whose storied achievements have embodied some sentiment or strong desire of the 
heart. For what was the credulous search for the fountain of renewed youth, but 
the putting into deed of a longing which has moved the heart of man since men 
grew old? the quest, but to win realization of that fond dream which now and again, 
in the reminiscent reverie of a summer's day, may have stolen into our own fancy? 




AiUcnttaao Il/AJV PONCJE, Da. 
Ctilrridor tie la F fori da. ^ 



ST. ANASTASIA ISLAND. 




FRONT of the town, between bay and ocean, lies the 
Island of St. Anastasia. It is a favorite resort for e.xcur- 
sion parties, and has many attractions for the tourist. 
The most pleasant time for a visit is the afternoon. The 
route is by ferryboat from Central Wharf and then by 
railway from the opposite shore across to the beach. 
The light-house is usually open to visitors; and when 
convenient to do so, the keeper in charge, or assist- 
ant, will accompany parties to the tower, whence a magni- 
ficent and far-extending view is afforded over sea and 
land. The light-house is 150 feet in height from base to light tower, the lamp being 
165 feet above sea level. Eight flights of spiral staircases lead to the tower. The 
light, technically classed as of the first-order, is a fi.xed white and revolving or flash 
light, flashing once every 3 minutes, visible 19 miles. The lamp itself is stationary, 
and the actual intensity of its flame does not change. The variability of the light is 
secured by the revolution of a glass lantern provided with a series of powerful lenses 
or gigantic bull's-eyes, each one sending out a great beam of light. The constant 
and steady beam frOm each lense revolves with the lantern. From St. Augustine at 
night this beam may distinctly be seen stretching out into the darkness, as it wheels 
in mighty revolutions about the tower. 

The purpose of the variability of the light is to render it distinguishable from 
other lights on the coast. Thus, while the St. Augustine light is a fi.xed white light 
varied by a flash every 3 minutes, the St. John's River light, the ne.\t one north, is a 
fi.xed white light; and the Cape Canaveral light, the ne.Kt one south, flashes every 
minute. The black and white spiral stripes, which make the tower look like a gro- 
tesque Brobdingnagian barber's pole, serve to distinguish it from others by daylight; 
the tower of the St. John's River light is red, that of the Cape Canaveral light has 
black and white horizontal bands. 

The present light-house was built in 1872-3, to take the place of an older coquina 
structure, whose ruins may be seen on the shore a short distance northeast. The 
latter has commonly, though incorrectly, been called the "old Spanish light- house." 



The Standard Guide. 



The coquina stone is soft, and very easily quarried. It is cut out in blocks to 
■suit the needs of the builder. It hardens upon exposure to the atmosphere; and was 







SHORE OF ST. ANASTASIA ISLAND. 



once extensively used as a building material. The city gateway, the sea-wall and 
Fort Marion are of coquina. 



The Standard Guide. 



On the morning of the 6th, we decamped from St. Augustine, and, embarking in a snug canoe 
boat, ascended Matanza River south, between Fish's Island and the Main. At a few miles distance, 
on the western shore, we passed an elevated spot which once contained the habitation of Governor 
Moultrie. A small cabin and a few date trees are all that appear to mark the place where the hand of 
high cultivation and improvement once extended. At the southern extremity of Fish's Island, and near 
Matanza bar, stands a Spanish tower, where a corporal's guard is stationed to look at folks as they pass 
by. — IVilliam Baldwin (1S17). 

The inlet of Matanzas takes its name from the Spanish word matausa, signifying 
slaughter, in commemoration of the massacre of the Huguenots which occurred here 

ill 1565. No event in 



American history possesses 
more of tragedy and pathos 
than the martyrdom of 
those Frenchmen, who had 
left their homes in France 
to establish in the new 
world a refuge from the 
religious persecutions of 
their native land, but found 
in Florida the intolerance 
from which they had fled, 
and perished at last by the 
hand of a bigot. 

The French, stationed at 
their Fort Caroline, on the 
River May (St. John's), 
having left a few of their 
number to garrison the 
fort, set sail against the 
Spaniards, arrived off the 
bar of St. Augustine, and 
were driven to the south by 
a storm. The Spanish leader Menendez then led a force overland to the St. John's, 
surprised Fort Caroline and killed most of the garrison — a few of the French 
escaping to their ships. Upon his return to St. Augustine Menendez learned that the 
French fleet had been wrecked. He proceeded south to this inlet, discovered the 
shipwrecked Frenchmen on the other side, and b)' false promises induced them to 
surrender and deliver up their arms. Then he sent them boats, brought them over, 
in small bands at a time, bound them, blindfolded them, led them behind the sand 
hills, and in the name of religion put them to death. The shores of the inlet have 
been greatly modified by the action of the sea in the three hundred years which have 
elapsed since that occurrence; it is useless to speculate as to the e.xact locality where 
the tragedy took place. 




RUINS OF THE MATANZ.-\S FORT. 




AS A HEALTH RESORT. 

From a paper by Dr. Horace Carltheks, /// Ihc ''Forest and Stream." 

I'R.\CTICAL experience of many winters enables me to say there is 
no place better adapted to health or pleasure than St. Augustine. It 
is easily reached by steamers or by elegant vestibule cars in little 
over one day from New York. The city is situated on a peninsula, 
almost surrounded by salt water; indeed it is, at very high tides, 
almost an island. The fact that the place is washed on all sides by 
the ocean tides guarantees the sanitary condition to be as perfect as any natural 
locality can be; and it absolutely precludes the possibility of malaria — a case of which 
disease I have never met, originating in the city. In addition to its possessing these 
natural advantages, those in authority spare no efforts nor e.xpense in adopting all 
artificial means known to sanitarians to add to the health of the favorable locality. 
The elements so essential to perfect health are abundant, in bright sunshine, pure 
bracing sea air and abundance of water, while the most cheerful and choicest society 
makes the ancient city the most desirable winter resort in this country. 

I have known many men, women and children who have renewed their seriously 
damaged constitutions in Florida; and for those suffering from overwork, insomnia, 
nervous jirostration and all its sad train of symptoms, I know of no more desirable 
place than St. Augustine. Children recovering from pneumonia, diphtheria, scarlet 
fever and whooping cough find a perfect climate for outdoor life and rapid con- 
valescence, without the danger of relapse, so common in a variable Northern climate. 
For nearly forty years I have recommended the climate of Florida to my patients, and 
I am happy to say many of these still thank me for sending them away from this 
Northern climate, which is as trying as any known to the professien. Scarlet fever 
and measles are not dreaded by the parents and physicians of St. Augustine; and 
diphtheria is almost unknown. A few years ago I was asked to see a child recently 
arrived, supposed to be suffering from that dread disease. The physician long resi- 
dent had never seen a case. The child was removed a few miles out of town, and 
but one other took the disease, a playmate of the first. An honored and lamented 
physician of St. Augustine, the late Dr. Peck, told me some years ago, when I was 
e.xpressing an.xiety about some cases of scarlet fever, not to be alarmed; that the 
disease never assumed a dangerous type in that climate, and that it very seldom 
resulted in death; it responded quickly to treatment, and was seldom followed by 
those dangerous sequels so dreaded in a Northern climate. He stated the remark- 
able fact that years earlier they were visited by an epidemic of scarlet fever, when he 
attended one hundred and twenty children, without losing more than a single patient; 
and this one death was owing to other complications. There is no other way of 
accounting for such a history of such a disease, except the perfect climate. Some 
winters ago I received a little patient from New York with chronic pneumonia follow- 



The Standard Guide. 

ing an unusually severe whooping cough; and in a very short time the little girl 
recovered completely, renewing the roses in her cheelco and her buoyant, childlike 
spirits. She returned with her mother, who was summoned to attend her husband 
suffering with pneumonia, in the month of March — much agaip.st my advice, but for- 
tunately without serious consequences. Pneumonia i.s seldom seen in St. Augu.stine, 
and the resident physicians are almost unacquainted with the disease and have no 
desire to attend it. The absence and the mild form of the diseases mentioned can be 
accounted for on no other grounds than the salubrity of the climate. 

If there is the slightest possibility of any one laboring with the first symptoms of 
consumption being benefited by climate it will be accomplished in Florida. A gentle- 
man who was a martyr to asthma all his life, possessing a beautiful home near Phila- 
delphia, told me he could find no comfort in life but in two localitie.s, Newport in 
summer and St. Augustine in winter. 

My own personal experience in the beneficial effects of the climate of St. Augus- 
tine makes me the more earnest in recommending it to all who maybe suffering from 
overwork. After a laborious life of more than thirty years in the climate of New 
York, on the Hudson River, I broke down completely, and had insomnia to a fearful 
degree, bordering on insanity. Old professional friends advised me to visit Florida. 
When I arrived in the quaint old city one Christmas Eve I was nearly e.xhausted. 
I could not walk a mile, and only with great fatigue at all. Appetite was fitful, energy 
gone, and though I was longing for rest, yet I dreaded the experience of a night of 
sleeplessness. One who has never had the misery of such a state of health, can form 
no conception of such a deplorable condition. I began improving the first week, 
walking with less fatigue daily, and improved in appetite and spirits, and in six weeks 
I could tramp with dog and gun twenty miles. It was truly a renewal of life, instead 
of my life work being abandoned, I put on harness again and began to offer aid and 
encouragement to all who, like myself, had become discouraged. 




"^ 



m%kJ 





GUN AND ROD. 



AME and fish have always been among the attractions of St. 
Augustine; and, although the supply has been diminished 
of late years, there is still abundant reward for the pur- 
suit. Sportsmen and anglers who visit the Rangeleys, the 
Adirondacks and the St. Lawrence in summer, repair to 
Florida in the winter. There are men, who when fish are 
to be caught in Florida waters would no more stay in the 
North than the robins and bluebirds. Dr. C. J. Kenworthy, 
of Jacksonville, himself an ardent angler, tells a good story of a New York physician 
who, some winters ago, when there was yellow fever in one of the Gulf Coast towns,- 
deliberately set out to run the quarantine and make his way into the fever district 
because it was time for fish to rise to his fly. 

Rod and reel, gun and field dogs are familiar objects in St. Augustine. Among 
the sporting dogs remembered by many quail hunters was the well known Bran. 
This dog was once, while hunting quail, struck by a rattlesnake. He was saved by 
the skillful treatment of Dr. H. Caruthers, but only to meet a fate as harsh, for Bran 
perished in the flames where he was chained in the great St. Augustine Hotel fire of 
1887. The smoking room of the Ponce de Leon Hotel counts among its ornaments a 
magnificent set of antlers, which bear testimony to the luck of a Tarrytown, New 
York, physician, to whom is credited the unusual experience of having brought down 
his deer, on an Adirondack runway, with a shotgun, loaded with No. 4 shot for 
grouse. Florida deer are of smaller size than the northern deer, but they are built to 
go just as fast. 

The unlovely alligator is represented at St. Augustine chiefly in infantile stages 
of discouraged development in the curiosity shops, waiting to be done up in segar 
bo.xes and mailed to the north. Wilder and more ferocious specmiens are occasion- 
ally encountered in adjacent waters. The alligator holds on with most commendable 
tenacity, despite the fact that every man's hand is against him, and always has been 
against him, if we are to credit Le Moyne, who came here with the French in 1563. 

In the Brevis Narratio is given a drawing of the native Florida mode of hunting, and it is de- 
scribed as follows: They wage war on the crocodiles in this manner: By the bank of the river they 
build a little hut full of chinks and holes, in which is stationed a sentinel who can hear and see the 
crocodiles a great way of. Pressed by hunger they come up out of the water in search of prey, failing 
to find which they give forth a horrible roar that may be heard for half a mile. Then the sentinel calls 
the others who are ready; and ten or twelve of them, bearing a huge pole, hurry to intercept the 
gigantic monster (his jaws expanded to seize and swallow some one of them), and with great agility, 
holding the sharp end of the pole as high as possible, they plunge it into his maw, whence because of 
its roughness and the scaly bark he cannot eject it. Then turning the crocodile over on his back, they 
belabor his belly, which is softer, with clubs, and shoot arrows into it and open it; the back is impen- 



The Standard Guide. 



etrable because of the hard scales, the more so if it be an old one. This is the Indians' way of hunt- 
ing crocodiles, to whom they arc such inveterate foes that night and day they are on the watch for them, 
not less than wc for our most hostile enemies. 

According to the artist's delineations of the mammoth specimens found here in 
those good old times, three hundred years ago, their descendants are certainly a sorry 
antl degenerate race. Hut no one was ever heard to complain of the small propor- 
tions of an alligator he had killed: they are all huge and savage in the telling; it 
takes a very small saurian to make a big story; and men are living to-day who 
could give Le Moyne points on Florida alligators. 




IN'DIAN MODK ' 'I Hi \ I !%■. \1 I 1 . \ I "l:> 1\ 1 I ■ 'KlfV. 
From Le Moym't Narrative of Ike French Exftdition in 1563. 

The list of fishes taken in the vicinity is a generous one. Sheepshead are caught 
off the St. Sebastian bridge, from the docks, and wherever there are submerged 
timbers or rocks. Favorite fishing grounds are at Matanzas. Baits used: clam, crab, 
fiddler, conch; the best time for fishing is from half- flood to high water. The whit- 
Tng is baited for with clam, crab or pieces of mullet or other fish. Sea bass, or channel 
bass (also called redfish). are in great abundance in summer, and in fair supply in 
spring, when they are caught in the surf with rod or hand-line. The rods are employed 
chiefly by anglers from abroad. The local method is for the fisherman to wade out 
into the surf, having his line coiled to run freely from, his left hand, then, swinging 
bait and sinker around his head, he hurls it out into the surf, and, when he hooks a 
fish, puts the line over his shoulder and runs at full speed up the beach. 




FLORAL CALENDAR. 



ECAUSE of the pretty fable that the name Florida was given 
k to a " Land of Flowers,"' and because the tropical features 
of the northern portion of the State have been grossly 
F-^/j, exaggerated, most persons who come to Florida in winter 
-■^ are apt to be disappointed when they find the floral dis- 
play less profuse and brilliant than they anticipated. 
They forget that like the North, the South also has its seasons, 
which are marked in the same manner if in less degree. Spring is the time of burst- 
ing bud and blossoms; summer of luxuriant and maturing vegetation; autumn of the 
falling leaf; while in winter much of the Florida verdure is sere and brown, the 
deciduous trees are bare of lea%-es, and beneath the sombre drapings of tillandsia — as 
in the North beneath the sheet of snow — the earth rests and recuperates. 

There is vet an abundance of foliage and color. Lemon, orange and lime, 
oleander, olive and magnolia, date palm, palmetto and bay are evergreen; rose gar- 
dens are in perennial bloom; and if one have an eye for wild flowers, their number 
and variety will be found surprisingly rich and varied, even in the winter months. 
Of the three hundred and seventy-five species to be collected within a radius of 
twenty-five miles, more than one hundred may be gathered in the winter season. 
The climate is hardly tropical enough for successful culture of the banana. The 
orange blossoms in the last of February or the first of March; the fruit ripens from 
November 15 to December i, and will hang on the trees until the middle of the 
following May; there are thus at the same time on the orange tree, amid the glossy 
green of the foliage, white blossoms and ripe golden fruit. 

Among the different roses, as noted in one rose garden on Cedar street, are the 
following: Constant bloomers and most hardy — Pink daily, Glorie de Rosamond, 
climbing daily and blush roses. Constant bloomers (e.vcept in frosty weather) — 
America, .\rch Duke Charles, Aline Sisley, Baron Alexander de Vrints, Agrippina, 
Comtesse Riza du Pare, Cloth of Gold, Duchesse de Brabant, Bougere, Isabella 
Sprunt, La Princess Vera, James Sprunt, Lamarque, Lucullus, Mad. Lawrence, Mad. 
Camille, Malmaison, Rubens, Marechal Neil, Perle de Lyon, Reine Marie Henriette, 
Sofrano, Beau Carmine, Solfaterre, Cels Multiflora, Doctor Berthet, Laurette, Louis 
Richard, Estella Pradel, La Grandeur, La Sylphide, Cornelia Cook, La France, 
Queen of Lombardy, Catherine Mermet, Perle des Jardins, Mad. Cecile Bruner. 




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THE EAST COAST LAND. 

DID you ever reflect that the Eskimo is a most extraordinary creature, living up 
there in the gloom of the Arctic, swathed in skins, crouched in his igloo and 
feeding on walrus blubber, when by coming down, if only into the edge of the warmth 
and light, one would think, he might do so much better? Yet what shall be said of 
those in our own snow zones, who, no wiser than the hyperboreans, shiver through the 
Northern winter as best they may, and long for spring, when by coming to this East 
Coast Land of Florida they might make of winter itself perpetual spring! 

Consider, moreover, the bears and the birds, h-jw each do follow the ways of their 
kind. When cold comes the bears retire into winter quarters and "den up" in a 
hibernation half-life half-death; but the birds with notes of cheer and in gathering 
hosts wing their flight further and further south, until they come at last into sunny 
Florida. Surely bird wisdom have they, too, who follow the migrating throngs into this 
charmed East Coast Land; and once here, almost with the ease of bird flight may 
they flit from point to point as one allurement after another prompts to test successive 
delight. For here in Florida has been provided every modern convenience to aft'ord 
the tourist safety, comfort and pleasure. The season of 1893-4 has been marked by 
the completion of an East Coast railway system, by which, making St. Augustine 
headquarters, one may readily reach the famous resorts of the Indian River and Lake 
Worth region. 

In tourist time — from December to May — Florida is the most inviting spot on 
the continent; and the East Coast from St. Augustine to Lake Worth is the 
most inviting part of Florida. It is indeed a seductive and enticing land — of scimiter- 
curved silver beaches laved by a sea whose blue is that of the sky above — a land 
of far stretching lagoons, their shores shimmering in the distance, their night waters 
glowing with phosphorescent light — a land where morning of flooding sunshine merges 
into softening afternoon, afternoon dies with flaming glory of sunset, and the night 
of the full moon is of entrancing witchery — a land of flower and fruitage, of strange 
and pleasing tree and shrub and clambering vine; of airs laden with perfume and 
drowsy with sweets — a land of glad surprises in store at every turn — this East 
Coast Land, whose fancied prospects painted by fond anticipation are not more 
delectable than the actual pictures realized and forever dear to memory. 
******* 

The East Coast country known to pleasure travelers going south from St. Augustine 
begins at Ormond. The Ormond beach has well deserved fame, and the driving 
and bicycling opportunities here afforded are not excelled elsewhere in the State. 
Sea bathing, and boating and fishing excursions on the Tomoka River are among 
the favorite amusements. There are also interesting coquina formations. 



The Standard Guide. 

New Smyrna further south is not likely to be passed by if one is interested in 
the romantic history of St. Augustine, for it was here that the Minorcans toiled on 
the Turnbull plantations in the British times; and there are numerous picturesque 
views of the extensive works undertaken by the unhappy colonists and by their 
successors. From New Smyrna the tourist who would see a charming bit of inland 
Florida may profitably make a side excursion to Lake Helen. 

The famed Indian River is in reality a vast lagoon of salt water, extending 
for 165 miles parallel with the Atlantic Ocean, and separated from it by a narrow 
strip of land, sometimes but a few j-ards across. The river varies from a mile to six 
miles in width; its shores are often bold bluffs, and for a large proportion of its length 
it is lined with orange groves, plantations of Florida fruits, and the native forest 
growth. As one proceeds south, the scenery, everywhere charming, grows more 
tropical Since the provision of adequate transportation facilities, the Indian River 
country has rapidly been settled by winter residents from the North. The region is 
famous for its excellent hunting and fishing, Titusville being a favorite headquar- 
ters for sportsmen and anglers. 

Rockledge is a name associated with much pleasure in the minds of multitudes 
of visitors, who once having wintered here return again and again. The name comes 
from the characteristic ledges of coquina rock, giving a bold and picturesque shore 
line. Art has been made to supplement nature in a most charming and intelligent 
way, and there are no more delightful walks in the State than those of Rockledge, 
which wind through palmetto colonnades and into openings which afford water vistas 
to delight the eye. Rockledge has not only excellent hotels but hundreds of 
winter homes; indeed the entire East Coast country is filled with handsome residences, 
set amid orange groves and gardens into which have been gathered choice shrubs 
and trees from every tropic land on the globe. 

Of these Florida gardens none excel in extent and beauty those at Lake Worth 
chosen by Mr. Henry M. Flagler for the site of the new Hotel Royal Poinciana. 
"Lake Worth." writes a correspondent of Forest and Stream, "is a salt water 
lagoon, about twenty-two miles long and one mile wide, formed by the ocean reced- 
ing, and forming a narrow ridge of sand, now about one mile wide at its widest part. 
It is connected with the sea by a shallow inlet at its northern end, through which the 
tide ebbs and flows. The channel in the lake is 200 or 300 ft. wide, with water 6 to 
8 ft. deep, decreasing very much in depth at the southern half of the lake. 

"The climate is very greatly influenced and tempered both in winter and summer 
by the Gulf Stream, which passes close to the shore at this point. The normal winter 
temperature is about 70 to 75 deg., falling to 40 deg. under the influence of 'cold 
northers," and probably once a winter the very tender leaves of the banana trees will 
be lightly touched by frost or affected by the low temperature. 

"The scenery of this section is entirely tropical, the native palmetto palm, with 
its bunchy, plumelike top, being very conspicuous above the other foliage; with 
numerous cocoanut palms, in the vicinity of each settlement, lifting their graceful 
fronds above, entirely different from any other foliage. Behind these are frequently 
seen those red and' golden tropical sunsets, where everything is still; the smoke, 



The Standard Guide. 

rising from a cottage chimney while the evening meal is being prepared, apparently 
stands up in a straight, perpendicular line, with definite and sharp edges, until it 
vanishes 50 ft. above; a synonym of silence. To this tropical foliage and scenery 
must be addetl at day dawn the songs of mockingbirds, robins and catbirds; numbers 
of redbirds, crested woodpeckers and other birds common to the North, which are also 
enjoying the climate. At night the whippoorwills keep up a continuous condemna- 
ion of poor William. Almost any day the strange and apparently awkward-looking 
pelicans may be seen feeding in the lake, and flamingoes ranged in line on the sand- 
bars. 

"On a strip of sand, one mile wide, between the lake and the ocean for about five 
miles of its length, are located the e.xtensive tropical gardens, costly mansions and 
tasteful cottages of the Northerners, come hither to enjoy si.\ winter months of ideal 
out of doors e.xistence. 

"Tropical plants and trees from all parts of the world are gathered here. ^Valks 
shaded by groves of cocoanut palms are laid out in geometrical patterns bordered 
with concrete curbs, and with lawns protected by curved sea walls of concrete and 
coquina on the lake front. Oleanders, hybiscus and passion flowers are in bloom. 
Mangoes, guavos, limes, lemons, oranges, figs, sappadillas, date palms, bananas, pine- 
apples and early vegetables are common in all the gardens; some have strawberries 
ripe in February, and tomatoes in abundance in March. Rubber trees, roval poinciana, 
paradise, coffee, travelers, and numbers of curious trees ornament the gardens, and 
the gnarled straggling arms of great live oaks covered with knobs and bunches of 
two varieties of orchids and hanging moss, by weird contrast add to the beauties. 

" Walks 20 feet wide and one mile long, bordered with cocoanut palms, olean- 
ders and azaleas, lead from the lake front, where are located all the residences and 
hotels, to the ocean front, which is almost a perpendicular bluff from 10 to 15 feet in 
hight, with a steep and narrow beach of crushed shells and little sand, upon which 
with a magnificent surf the ocean breaks, in color a clear, bright, ultramarine blue, 
entirely different from the dull, green color of the ocean on the New Jersey coast. 

"On the western shore of the lake are large pineapple plantations, each year 
increasing in numbers and in production. Thirty miles to the west is Lake Okechobee 
and settlements of the Seminole Indians, who occasionally make their appearance 
among us, generally dressed as the 'white man." 

"Nearly all the sea fish are found in the lake, such as bluefisii, spotted sea trout, 
cavalle, red snapper, barracuda, pompano, sawfish, mullet and redfish or channel 
bass. Tarpon are not found here, although they are caught north and smith of this 
point. 




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ASHEVILLE. 

npHE CITY OF ASHEVILLE, North Carolina, is situated on a hilly plateau 
between the Alleghany Mountains and the Blue Ridge, at an elevation of 
2,600 feet above tide water, and at the confluence of the Swananoa and the French 
Broad rivers. It is in the famed "Land of the Sky," a mountain region of remark- 
able grandeur, loveliness and varied charms of nature. The town is noted for its 
healthful and delicious climate; its pure and invigorating atmosphere; the beauty of 
its scenery; its delightful drives; and its wealth of adjacent points of interest. 
Climatic maps prepared by Prof. Chas. Denison, M.D., and official data furnished by 
the LTnited States Signal Service show that Asheville has the dryest climate, the year 
round, of any point east of Denver. Out of 365 days there is an average of 259 




clear ones. It is far enough south to insure a mild winter, while its altitude is so 
great as to create a cool summer. Asheville holds a first place among those favored 
spots which invite both summer and winter visitors, and offer a pleasant residence 
throughout the entire year. 

But more worthy of note than all other considerations is the proved healthful- 
ness of this region. Malaria is unknown. The mountain district of western North 
Carolina has long been favorably known for its healthful climate, and especially for 
its beneficial effects, in pulmonary and throat troubles. These succumb to the 
balmy air of this locality. Some of the most learned and skilled physicians in the 
United States have recorded the fact that, in this climate, tubercular consumption is 







! I 



Tlie Standard Guide, 



not hereditary. It is a rare exception to find those who visit Asheville in search of 
health fail of prompt and decided benefit. 

Since the erection of several large and well appointed all-the-year-round hotels, 
the fame of Asheville has gone forth throughout the Northern States, and to-day the 
city is a greater winter and spring resort for Northern people than it ever was a 
summer resort for the Southerner. Now the advantage of the climate, both in 
summer and winter, is so well known that the town is full of visitors the year 
round. On its hotel registers are to be found annually the names of many dis- 
tinguished people. As year by year its charms and advantages become more widely 
known more people come hither for health, rest and recuperation. Says Rev. Dr. T. 
DeWitt Talmage, speaking of Asheville after a recent visit here: 

It Is indeed a garden of recuperation. All the conditions seem favorable. If there is anyone who is so constituted that 
enjoyment can be nad in life and can't find it here, rest assured that such a person will not be able to find enjoyment ia 
heaven when he gets there. What more can one ask for than healthful climate, pure air, good water, unsurpassed scenery 
and congenial people? Western North Carolina to-day offers more solid comfort, hope and happiness to tne invalid au^ 
health-seeker, than the whole Materia Medica from the time of ii^bculapius down to the present tune. 




Something of the substantial character of Asheville's recent growth is told in a 
recent report to the Board of Trade, by its President, Mr. Geo. S. Powell: 

It has been widely conceived, but is assuredly an erroneous impression, that Asheville is purely a health and pleasure 
resort. To that feature 1 offer no dissent. It deserves all that is said of it in that regard, and year by year it adds largely 
to its seekers after health and pleasure. Hut to the charms of climate and scenery we add unsurpassed inducements to the 
investor, the manufacturer, the artisan, the merchant, and all seeking homes, either for pleasure or profit. For the proof; 
Ten years ago Asheville contained a population of 2,610. To-day she has a population of I2.ooo_. In 1880 the assessed 
value of the property in the city was ^904.428. To-day it is $4,393,234, an increase of 500 per cent, in ten years. In 1880 
the mercantile business amounted to about §503,003. The total business of the ity for the year i88g amounted to $4,956,- 
000.64. The real estate transactions for the past year amounted to $819,000. And this has been done without the influence 
of a boom, but in the natural course of progress, healthy and stable. In this estimate are not included the large purchases 
by Mr. Geo. Vanderbilt, who has acquired about 6,000 acres, for which it is estimated he paid half a million dollars. 

The hotels of Asheville are modern in construction and equipment, and embody 
in plan and arrangement everything for the comfort of their guests. Indeed it is in 
very large measure to the excellence of its hotels and the admirable way in which 
they are conducted that Asheville owes her popularity with tourists and pleasure 
seekers. The beautiful mountain town is a favorite tarrying point for Florida 
visitors on their way to and from the North. Burnet Scott. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 

THE FLORIDA MUSEUM. ST. AUGUSTINE. 

OPPOSITE FORT MARION. 

Birds, Animals and Reptiles of Florida. 

100,000 CURIOSITIES OF INTEREST TO LOVERS OF NATURAL HISTORY. 

Famous Collection ot ()U1 Spanish Relics. Aiuiciiiariaii Room. 

Oiliest Piano in America. Larijcst I'air of Horns in the 

World. Alliijator Family, their Nest, Fg.Ljs and Young. 

The Chamber of Horrors. Crocodile. Haby .Seal. 

Ii,fuana. .\pache and Seminole Relics. Indian 

Mummy. A Monster Saw F'ish Whale 

E.xhibit. Confederate E.xhibit. Ftc, Etc. 

Animals fed at Ten and Four O'clock. • See small hills, );ivinK details. 

Admission, 25 Cents. Children, lO Cents. 

Season Tickets, ^tri'iV'.:;'.' $1.00. Children's Season Ticket, 50c. 

OPPOSITE FORT MARION. NEAR THE CITY GATE. 



"You will olnain more information gg SURE AND SEE the 

regarding the Natural History of Florida , fa,T,oU5 Collection of old 

l)v ail hour s sojourn at the \ ^ . , 

\ Spanish relics at the 

FLORIDA MUSEUM FLORIDA MUSEUM, 

than from six months' journeying over 
the State." 



Opposite Fort iVlarion, 



(OPPOSITE FORT MARION.) | ^•.St. AUgUStinC. 

~ YOU CAN BUY ~ ~ 

Old Family Silver, Crockery and Jewels, and Rare Old Hooks hound in parchment, 
from 200 to 400 years old. Ancient MSS., Autographs and Engravings. Precious 
Stones. Old .\rms, Indian Relics. Deetls of Negro Slaves. Florida Seed, Hulbs and 
Air Plants, .\ncient Coin. Brass Door Knockers. Spanish Cioods. Confederate 
Money and Stamps. Birds' Eggs. Tarantulas and Nests. Elephant, Rhinoceros, 
AVhale, Shark, Monkey, and Alligators' Teeth. Walrus and Boars' Tusks. Palmetto 
Goods. Fans. Florida Photosraphs and Paintings. Shells, Coral. Etc. Minerals 
of the South. Live and Mounted .Alligators, with no charge for boxing, at the 

FORT MARION CURIOSITY SHOP. 
Opposite Fort Marion, ••• -f Adjoining the Museum. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



The Battery Park Hotel 

ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA. 




"This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air 

" Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself 

" Unto our gentle senses. * * * 

"The guest of summer, 

"The temple haunting martlet does approve 

" By his loved mansionry, that the lieavens' breath 

" Smells wooingly here." 



These words, spoken by Duncan before Macbeth's castle, nearly three hnn- 
dred years ago, true then and truer now, apply most consistently to the famous 
Battery Park Hotel in the mountains of AVestern North Carolina. Neither tongue 
nor pen nor brush hath yet accomjilished the task of mirroring in the minds of those 
who have not seen these glorious mountains, the complete idea of the pleasure and 
comfort and benefit that is derived by a stay here. The scenery, the climate, the 
drives and the hotel accommodations in Asheville are incomparable. Each and every 
one of these attractions, all of which are necessary to the comfort and pleasure of 
tourists, are excellent ; and the full complement cannot be equaled anywhere. There 
is no scenery on the American continent that can surpass that which is obtainable in 
Asheville and especially from the heights of Battery Park. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



The Battery Park Hotel. 




ASHEVILLR FROM TOWN MOUNTAIN, BATTERY PARK HOTEL IN THE DISTANCE. 



THE B.M IKKY I'ARK HoTKL. situated in the midst of the most magnificent mountain scenery on the 
Atlantic slope, at an elevation of 2,800 feet above the level of the sea. and with an average winter 
temperature of 51°, is open throughout the year and is one of the best equipped winter resorts in the 
South. It has recently been enlarged, re-carpeted and re-painted. It h.is every modem convenience, 
including hydraulic elevator, electric lights, electric street car line to the depot, while it has a full com- 
plement of other conveniences. The music hall, tennis court, bowling alley, ladies' billiard parlor, 
shooting gallery, shuffle board .ind other like amusements are some of the adjuncts. 

The drives in and around Ashevillc are unsurpassed. Within the past six months the appropriation 
of Four Hundred Thousand Dollars has been expended in laying Belgian biwk and brick pavement 
through the principal streets of the city, and these streets, with the out-of-town drives, afford every 
facility for horse-back riding and driving. 

The Battery 1'ark IIotki. is over one hundred feet higher than any other hotel in or near 
Asheville. The advantage of this has been tried seven years successfully as to the proper height for 
health. The bath r.X)ms, private and public, are unexcelled, and this, in conjunction with the fact that 
the size of the Battkry Park Hotki. is nearly double the size of any other hotel in Asheville, makes 
it the most desirable resort for the win'er and summer. The front piazzas have been widened recently 
until they are now twenty-one feet wide, twelve feet under glass and nine feet open, without cover. 1 he 
Ba iTKRY Park IIotkl is the most comfortable and home-like hotel in this section, and its appoint- 
ments and service are unexcelled. 
For descriptive matter address 

E. P. McKISSICK, Manager. 

Circulars also at the *' Standard Guide '' Information Bureau, St Augustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



The Battery Park Hotel, 

ASHEVILLH, NORTH CAROLINA. 




"This castle liath a pleasant seat; the air 

" Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself 

" Unto our gentle senses. * * * 

"The guest of summer, 

"The temple haunting martlet does approve 

" By his loved mansionry, that the heavens' breath 

" Smells wooingly here." 



These words, spoken by Duncan before Macbeth's castle, nearly three hun- 
dred years ago, true then and truer now, apply most consistently to the famous 
Battkry Park. Hotel in the mountains of Western North Carolina. Neither tongue 
nor pen nor brush hath yet accomplished the task of mirroring in the minds of those 
who have not seen these glorious mountains, the complete idea of the pleasure and 
comfort and benefit that is derived by a stay here. The scenery, the climate, the 
drives and the hotel accommodations in Asheville are incomparable. Each and every 
one of these attractions, all of which are necessary to the comfort and pleasure of 
tourists, are excellent ; and the full complement cannot be equaled anywhere. There 
is no scenery on the American continent that can surpass that which is obtainable in 
Asheville and especially from the heights of Battery Park. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



The Battery Park Hotel. 




ASHHVILl.K KROM TOWN MOUNTAIN, BATTERY PARK HOTF.l. IN THK IJISTANCt. 



T^Uli B.M IKKY I'AKK lloTKl.. situated in the midst of the most maBniliient mountain scenery on the 
^ Atlantic slope, at an elevation of 2,800 feet above the level of the sea, and with an average winter 
temperature of 51°, is open throughout the year and is one of the best equipped winter resorts in the 
South. It has recently been enlarged, re-carpeted and re-painted. It has every modem convenience, 
including hydraulic elevator, electric lights, electric street car line to the depot, while it has a full com- 
plement of other conveniences. The music hall, tennis court, bowling alley, ladies' billiard parlor, 
shooting gallery, shutilc board and other like amusements are some of the adjuncts. 

The drives in and around .Ashcville are unsurpassed. Within the past six months the appropriation 
of Four Hundred Thousand Dollars has been expended in laying Belgian block and brick pavement 
through the principal streets of the city, and these streets, with the out-of-town drives, afford every 
facility for horse-back riding and driving. 

The Battery Park IIotf.i. is over one hundred feet higher than any other hotel in or near 
.■\sheville. The advantage of this has been tried seven years successfully as to the proper height for 
health. The bath rooms, private and public, arc unexcelled, and this, in conjunction with the fact that 
the size of the Battkrv Park Hotki. is nearly double the size of any other hotel in Asheville, makes 
it the most desirable resort for the win'er and summer. The front piazzas have been widened recently 
until they are now twenty-one feet wide, twelve feet under glass and nine feet open, without cover. The 
Battkrv Park IIorHi. is the most comfortable and home-like hotel in this section, and its appoint- 
ments and service are unexcelled. 

For descriptive matter address 

E. P. McKISSICK, Manager. 

Circulars also at the *' Standard Guide *' Information Bureau, St Augustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 




MARCO TERRACE, 

MISS C. M. GANG, 
French Broad Avenue. • • • ASHHVILLH, NORTH CAROLINA. 



On your return North do not fail to stop at.^ 



-THE HYQEIA HOTEL, Old Point Comfort, Va. 




Absolutely free from malaria and unsurpassed for healthfulness generally, with air heavily charged with ozone — nature's 
greatest boon tn the invalid — with suenic attractions, marine and landscape, unrivalled. Old Point Comfort is the winter 
resort par excellence of the Atlantic Coast, while its world famous Hygeia Hotel^ with Its improved and pertect sanitary 
arrangements, the unquestioned purity of its drinking water, unsu^pa^sed cuisme, embracmg every delicacy of land and 
sea foods. Its refined clientele added to the charm of resident military life, its abundant musical features and dancing, and 
its reasonable tariff charges constitute a variety of attractions seldom offered at any resort. p, N. PiKE, Manager. 

Circulars also at the ''''Standar<i Guide" Irt/ormatton Bureau^ St. Augustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



Merchants & Miners Transportation Co, 



ESTABLISHED OVER THIRTY YEARS. 




FI.EET 



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FAIUI AX. 



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nUKCHKSTKll. 
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.\I.I.K«illANY. 
IIKUKSIIIUt:. 



s.s. W. CRANE. 



S.s. W. L.VWIIKNCE. 



Passenger AccommoiatiODs Detween Ballimore and SayaDnali and Baltimore, Norfolk and Boston, nnsnrpasseil. 
SAVANNAH & BALTIMORE LINE. 



Steamers sail from Riltimore every TUESD.AY anJ FRIU.W 3:00 I'. M. 

\VE1)NKS1>AV .ninlSATrKDW. 



From Savannah every 



BOSTON, NORFOLK. NEWPORT NEWS & BALTIMORE LINE. 

Steamers sail from Haltimore via Norfolk to Boston TL'KSD.WS, TML'KSD.WS and S ATl'K- 
DAYS, 2:00 I*. .M. From Boston via Norfolk and Newport Ne«s to Baltimore TL'ICSD.WS 
TUl'KSD AVS and SATLKDAV.S, 2:00 1'. .M. 

PROVIDENCE, NORFOLK, WEST POINT & BALTIMORE LINE. 

SliMiiicrs s.iil frciin ll.ihimnrc to I'rovi.lciKe Ml>^l)A^^ .iml I K1|).\\S. 2;'Xi I'. M.. and from 
Providence to Baltimore WKl iNKSI ).\VS and .s.\ 11' KD.WS, 6 1'. M. 

THROUGH TICKETS issued from Baltimore to all points in Georgia, Florida and Ala- 
bama, and (mm Boston and Providence via Norfolk to all Suuthern and >outhwestern points. 
A. L. HUGGINS, Agt., Baltimore, Md. J. J. CAROLAK. Act., Sivannali, Ga. HEWCOMB COHFH, T. A., 
A. M. GRAHAM, Agt., Boston, Mass. R. H. WRIGHT. Aet., Horfolk. Va. Jacksonville, ria. 

J. W. McCLOSKT, A., Providence, R. I. W. J. HODCK, T. A., Worf oik. Va. ARTHUR SIHCLAIR, Jr.. T.A., 

I.e. SAUKDERS, A., Newport News, Va. E. T. LAMB, Agt., West Point, Va. Boston, Mass. 

W. P. TURNER, Gen'l Passeng:er Apent. A. D. STEBBINS, Ass't Traffic Manager. 
J. C. WHITNEY, Traffic Managrer. 
Oeneral Offices, ^f^ ^f. ^ 214-216 Water Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Circulars alto at the "Standard GuiJf" In/ormation Bureau, St. Augustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 

Norfolk and Washington 

^ Steamboat Company. 

NEW AND POPULAR ROUTE BETWEEN 

Washington, D. C, Old Point Comfort, Norfolk, 
Virginia Beach and the South. 




The new and magnificent Iron Palace Steamers of this line, the steamers 
"Norfolk" and "Washington," built in 1891, by the Harlan & Hollingsworth Co., of 
Wilmington, Del., most luxuriantly fitted throughout, having Steam Heat in state- 
rooms, Electric Lights and Call Bells in each room. 

Leave Norfolk and Washington daily on the following schedule: 

NORTHBOUND. SOUTHBOUND. 

l,eave I»ORXSMOl'XH 5.50 PM. Leave 'WASHI^VGTOK 7.00P.M. 

" IKORFOLK 6.10 ■■ " ALEXANDRIA 7.30 " 

" FORTRESS MONROE. 7.20 " Arrive EORXRESS MONROE. 6.30 AM. 

Arrive ALEXANDRIA 6.00A.M. " NORFOLK 7.30 " 

" WASHINGTON 6.30 " " rORTSMOUTH 8.00 • 

Close connection made with all rail lines at Norfolk, Fortress Monroe and 
Washington, D. C, for all points North, South, East and West. 

Passengers going or returning to Wilmington, Raleigh, Charlotte, Charleston, 
Savannah, Atlanta, Jacksonville and principal Southern cities, are given an oppor- 
tunity by this route to stop over at the National Capital, Fortress Monroe or 
Virginia Beach. 

By taking this route the passenger is afforded a pleasant ride on the Potomac 
River and Chesapeake Bay, thus breaking the monotony of an all rail ride. 

The excellence of the meals furnished on these magnificent steamers has been a 
great factor in their popularity. The dining room service is a la carte, meals being 
served at hours convenient to the passengers. 

Tickets on sale via Atlantic Coast Line and Norfolk and Carolina R. R., and 
via Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line and at all principal railroad offices, 
North, South, East and West. 

Ask for tickets via the new Norfolk and Washington line of steamers. 

JNO. CALLAHAN, Qen'l Supt. 

Circulars also at "Standard Guide" Information Bureau, St. Augustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



Georgia Southern & Florida R. R. 

PULLMAN BUFFET SLEEPING CAR LINE 

\1.V 

MACON, LAKE CITY and PALATKA, 

Jacksonville, St. Auj^ustine and ^nmp'i ^ 

A.>fl) .VI -I. I'OI.V'l'S OX -vxiv. 

.St. Johns, Ocklavvaha and Indian Rivers. 



3 
O 



3 
O 



c 



c 



^ViVlANETW,^^ 



TO 



thi>'ii^>4 







3 

a 



•n 



31 



3 



Operates Local Sleepers between Macon and Palatka. 

Through Line to aiul from New York, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, and Kansas City, with one 
change only either in Union Depot, at Nashville or Atlanta. 

The Only Line allowing passengers the privilege of a side trip to the Famous Suwanee Springs. 
Ask for tourist tickets via the Suwanee River Route. They are on sale at all coupon ticket offices. 

A. C. KNAPP, Traffic Manager, Macon, Ga. 

Circu/ats alsi^ .1/ the '^ Sta*tdar,i l.uiJt-" In/ot mation Bureau. Si, .iuji^ttstine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 

FAST TIME 

#from 
FLORIDA. 



NORTHBOUND. 



LOCAt. 



Leave Jacksonville, S. F. & W.. 
Leave Waycross, 

Arrive Jesup, " 
Leave Jesup, E. T., V. & (i. RY 

Arrive Macon, " 

Leave Macon, " 

Arrive Atlanta, " 

Leave Atlanta, " 

Arrive Chattanooga, " 



Leave Chattanooga, Queen & Crescent. 

Arrive Cincinnati, 

Arrive Louisville, Louisville Southern. . 



Leave Chattanooga, E. T., \'. & (1. RV 
Arrive Knoxville, " 

Arrive Bristol, " 

Arrive Washington, B. & (). R. R 

Leave Washington, " 

Arrive Baltimore, " 

Arrive Philadelphia, " 

Arrive New York, C. R. R. of N. J 



Leave Chattanooga, M. & C. R. R. 
Arrive Memphis, " 



Leave Brunswick, E. T., V. & G. RY. 
Arrive Jesup, " 



5:00 P. M. 
S:is P. M. 
S:io A. M. 
1:45 P. M- 



cnrcnnJATi 

LIMITED. 



OHIO EXPRESS. 



2:50 
5:30 
6:45 
7:05 
12:05 
12:10 

2:45 
3:00 
8:00 



P. M. 
P. M. 
P. AL 
P. M. 

A.M. 
A. M. 
A. M. 
A. M. 
A. M. 



8 


.3,S 


A 


M. 


7 


20 


P. 


M. 


8 


10 


P. 


M. 



9:00 A. M. 
12:45 P- M. 

4:30 P. M. 

7:40 A. M. 

8:00 A. M. 

8:45 A. M. 
11:10 A. M. 

1:40 P. M. 



8:10 A. M. 
7:10 P.M. 



4:45 P- M. 
6:4s P- M. 



6:30 P. M. 

9:30 P. M. 

3:40 \. M. 

4:50 A. M. 
10:40 A. M 
10:45 A 

1:40 P. 

2:00 !'. 

7:10 P. 



M. 

M. 
M. 
M. 



7:40 P. M. 
7:20 A. M. 



5:55 P-M 
10:10 P. M 



7:45 PM. 
7:00 A. M. 



3:00 A. M. 
4:40 A. M. 



THROUGH CAR ARRANGEMENTS. 

The Cincinnati Liinitt'd is a solid Vestibule Train consisting of Pullman Buffet 
Sleepers, Day Coaches, Baggage and Mail Cars, Jacksonville to Cincinnati; also Pullman Sleeper 
Brunswick to Atlanta, .\tlanta to Chattanooga. 

The Ohio Express carries Pullman Buffet Sleeper Jacksonville to Cincinnati, Observa- 
tion Coach Macon to Chattanooga. 

No extra charge for seats on Limited Trains. 

B. W. WRENN, Gen'l Passenger and Ticket Agent. 



X 



Circulars also at the "^Standard Cuide'^ In/orntation Bureau, St. Augustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 

Shortest, % % % Quickest, 




AND 



BEST LINE 



FROM 



St. Augustine 



AND ALL POINTS IN 

AND 



FLORIDA * r * SOUTH 



.TO 



Chicago. 



THE CHICAGO AND NASHVILLE LIMITED 

Solid Vestibulcd Irani of Pullman Sleepers, Ladies' and l)a\- ('. laches, and 
Elegant Dining Car. heated by steam and lighted Iiy gas. leaves NASHVILLE 
every day in the year at 7:45 1'. M.. arriving at CHICAGO the next morning at 
10:15, over the only 

« Double Track Line from the South. * 

Only one change ol cars between all points in the South and Chicago. 

For Maps, 'i'ime Tables or any information in regarti thereto, appiv to 

J. M. CUTLER, S. L. ROGERS, 

General Southern Agent, Atlanta, (ia. So. Passenger Agent, Chattanooga, Tenn. 

OR ro 
CHAS. L. STONE, A. G. PALMER, 

Oen'l Pass. & Ticket Agt., Chicago, III. Qen'l Pass. & Ticket Agt-. Evansville, Ind. 

Circuiari also at the '^Standani Cuide" In/orntation Bhrtau, St. Augitstinr. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 
e e « jTHE « a « 



Sanitarium Resorts 

-*-» OF «<*- 

WEST BADEN AND ^ ^ 
5« FRENCH LICK SPRINGS 

are located in Orange County, Indiana, eighty 

miles north of Louisville, 

on the 

MONON ROUTE. 

The medicinal properties of these waters 
are superior to those of any natural springs in 
America. For pamphlets and further intorma- 
tion address 

West Baden Springs Co., West Baden, Ind., 



OR 



FRANK J. REED, Qen'l Passenger Agt., 
MONON BLOCK, •?• ?• CHICAGO, ILL. 

Circulars also at the *'^Standard Guide'' In/onnation Bureau^ St. Augustine. 



Standard Ciuidc .Idz'crtiser, 




American System. 

The newest and finest Hotel in the National Caj)ital, 
14TII lV K Sis.. I-u.wklin Soiari:. 

There is no phice in Washington where Ladies and 
FamiHcs are so earefully entertained as at "Tm: Cochran.' 
^^'e make tliis our special feature. 

F. J. HART, PROI'KIMTOR. 

\tr^utars u.j.' at the "Standard CHtdt" Information Hureau, St AuguUine. 



Standai'd Guide Advertiser. 



IHE 

HOTEL 

Par Excellence 

— OF THE — 

KATIONAL 
CAPITOL. 




CABLE, 
ELECTRIC 

— AND — 

HORSE CARS 

PASS THE 

DOORS 

TO ALL PARTS OF THE 
CITY. 



opposite: the treasury 
"s one block from the. white house. 

RIGGS HOUSE CO., G. DeWITT, Treasurer. 

An illustrated guide to Washington will be mailed free of charge upon receipt of two 2-cent stamps. 



WILLARDSi- HOTELS 



WASHINGTON D. C. 










This well known and favorably located Hotel at the Great Winter Resort of the Country is 
First Class in all its aopointments. A description of the Hotel with a brief guide to the city will be 
sent on application. Board by the month according to location of rooms. 

O. G. STAPLES, Proprietor. 

^Lale of the Thousand Island Hou-^e.) 



iitanciard Guide Advertiser. 




THK ST. lAMES. 



OVERLOOKINC. ST. JAMKS I'ARK 
AcconimiKlations (or fixi Ciu-ls 



lick-^nnville. Florida. 



SUWANNEE ? SPRINGS, • Suwannee, • Fla. 



( 




'"^'i^M '^^'^^^- 



Unsurpassed Imih as a Resort and =anilarium. Infallible cure for Malaria, Rheumatism, Dy5p<-psia,>;oul, Kidney, 
ses, and all Femal- Complaints Climate unequalled. Location central. Openal 



^Liver, ('ladder. Skin and Hlfxjd Diseases, 
the year. Grand nlun^c and swimming pool 
.Ihu... M'.ii -.,..: 1 i: I .. 



Fine bird and deer hunting Picturesque boating and canoeing. Beautiful 



drives. Well equipped livery. I^wn tennis and croquet pavilion. Billiard hall, howling alley 

SIIW.VNNKK srKIN«;S are situated on the main line of thr Savannah. Florida & Western Railway between 

Savannah, Ga., and Gainesville, Fla., 174 miles from Savann.ih and .>o milch from Iackst>nville. Fla. 

^ #»m»»r-»i ALL THK »'-? > «» — 

THK IIOTKI., .\>'NEX .\NI) JOTT.VCiKS. handsomely furnished throughout with black walnut bedroom 

suits, Brussels carpets, hair mattresses, feather pillows, box springs and luxurious rocking chairs Hotel ajid public rmMns 

heated with sie.am. Servic and cuisine first class. 

SUWABHEE SFKUIGS WATER -The Great Diuretic and natural Healer. 
Thousands have been l>enefited by its use. why not you? The wratrr loses none of its efficacy in bottling, anil w'lll 

accomplish the same results as when drank direct from the Springs. Put up in cases, demijohns and carboys. For s.ile by 

druggists every.>h'here. 



For rooms and rates apply to 

AMtKEW II.\M<KY, 



C^fUfrul >lniiiiixfi, >ii %% n iiiiec Spriliu.. < "., Suwnniwr. 



Circulars also al the "SlanJard Guidr" ln/ormalion ISurtau, St. .iuguslint. 



Standard Gtiide Advertiser. 

NATU RE'S REMEDY. 

THOMPSON'S 

Bromine and Arsenic Springs Water. 

CRUMPLER'S, ASHE CO., N. C. 

THE MOST REMARKABLE DISCOVERY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 

Tills spring was discovered in July, 18S5. The water by its 
merit alone, has become very popular, being pleasant and natural to 
the taste. It is a specific for all diseases of the Stomach, Erysipelas, 
Skin Eruptions, Eczema, Female Complaints, Nervousness, Bright's 
Disease, Diabetes, Pains in the Loins and Kidneys, and Gravel. 

The composition of the water is shown by the following analysis 
made by the eminent chemist. Dr. Henry Frcehling: 

'*^ ANALYSIS. ^*' 

Total solids left on evaporation at 212" F., 5.45856 grains. Consisting of: 

Grains. ■ Grains. 

Sodium (Carbonate, .... 1.03572 Sodium Arsentiate, 00641 

Calcium " 93133 " Iodide, o°S99 

Magnesium " 62166 " Bromide, 03615 

Lithium " 02565 " Borate — faint trace. 

Copper " trace. . Aluminium Phosphate . . . .11838 

Zinc " " . . Ferrous Sulphate, 08047 

Calcium Fluoride, " . . Silica 1.07596 

Potassium Sulphate '^^9?>'h Organic Matter, 03032 

Potassium Chloride, 20644 

Sodium, 64866 5.14347 

The springs are situated thirty-nine miles from Marion, Va., a 
station on the Norfolk & Western Railroad. The water is sold by 
all first-class druggists, and is put up in ca.ses of twelve half-gallon 
bottles each. 

OUR SUMMER RESORT. 

The Hotel will accommodate 100 guests and is open from June 
I to November 1. Hack leaves Marion, Va., on Mondays and 
Thursdays of each week after the arrival of the morning trains. 

There is a laundry in connection with the hotel, also porcelain 
bath tubs. Price of board is $2 per day, $1:: per week, and for four 
weeks or more $10 per week. 

Eor further information and pamphlets address 

Thompson's Bromine and Arsenic Springs Co., 

SALTVILLE. VA. 

W. H. WILEY, Secretary. GEO. W. PALMER. Tresident. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



THE GLEN SPRINGS, Watkins Glen, N. Y. 




.<J x< 







A RESORT FOR THOSE SEEKING HEALTH, REST OR PLEASURE. 

Under the mcHirnl manaKcnicnt I'fcxpcricnceii phy-vici.ins. E(iiiip|M:il wiili ;»1I th-- m'>si appn>vc<I ihcrapciitic .ipplianccs, 
including; lurkah , Rusiian .J«-/ I'Jfctri< fi.ithf .\fttss,i^'f, Sirf/fisA .t/iT-f-wcK/-., itn,i a// /i'>rtns ,\/' l-.ir.tri. ify 

Five Valaable Mineral Sprinrs— Maiiated, Alkaline, Chalybeate, lodo-Bromated, and Brine. 
ALL FORMS OF MINERAL AND BRINE BATHS. 

Climate mild, drj* and equable No mal-tna Siirroundctl by Pine Foresis. Hatf-mile of broad board walk. Beautiful 
views overlooking thirty miles of Seneca Lake PiclurcMjue walks and drives. All m<idcm improvements Lawn-Tenni* 
t'niirts Bowling Alleys. Glass Snianum i^-* feei lonp. C$$isifi4 unsmr^atstd. Consumptives, Epileptics, and pervons 
suffenng from any form nf Insanity are not rcceiveiT No contjgiou<i or offensive forms of disease admitted. Send for 
ilhislrated pamphlrl VVM. E. LCFriNGWCUL. MANAGER. 



^r(>. 




HOTEL OXFORD 

Mtli 5t. and New \ ork Av., N. W. 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 

ami;rican and European plans. 

Rates, American, $2.50 per da3' aJiil upwards. ^ 
^ -if! Enropean, SI.OO per day and Upwards. 

The most centrally localcil ami lilierally managed 
Sa&' hotel in the city. 

H.'p. MARSMAI.r. & CO., Proprietor?. 



•^1 THE LA BORDE. i^ 

Marine and Bridge Streets, « » St. Augustine, Fla. 

.\ quiet, homelike and thoroughly comfonable family hotel, beautifully located on the bay front, and having large, 
sunny rooms. The proprietor gives personal attention to evciy detail of the management, 

J. S. ABBOTT. PROPRIETOR. 

Circulars aUo at (he "Standard Gu'dc" Information Bureau^ St Augustine. 



Staiidai-d Guide jldvcrtiscr. 



VISIT DR. J. VEDDER'S 

MUSEUM f AND ••• MENAGERIE. 

Florida Wild Animals, Birds, Fish and Reptiles. 

Wonders of tlie Land and Sea in Great Variety. 

ON UAV ST.. < nrii.i- TUKASIUV. 

Entkanxp: Ihrough Old Spanish Building and Genuine 

Curiosity Store. 

DON'T FAIL T(^ SEE THE 

Manatee or Sea Cow and Skeleton* 

OCEANIC WONDER, THE 5LJN FISH, 

Only one known to be in any museum, loft. high, 9ft. lon^. 

Darter or Snake Birds, Bald Eagk', Great Blue Heron, Sand- 
hill Crane, White Heron, White Egret, Wood Ibis, White Ibis, 
Turkey Buzzard, Great Horned Owl, Barred Oul. Paraquet, 
Mottled Owls, Hawks, MONKEY FACEO OWL. Pelican^ 
Falcon, etc. 
BLACK BEARS. WILD CAT. GRAY FOX. RACCOONS, 

OPOSSUM, bKUNK, MINK, BEAUTIFUL UTTERS. 

Monster Jewfish, Monster Sawfish, Beautiful Tarpon, Electric 
Ray or Torpedo, Porcupine, Balloon, Guitar (very raret. Pipe, 
Scabbard and Bat Fish; Gurnard, Sea Horse, Octopus or Devil 
Fish; Blue, White, Hammer head. Shovel nose and Sand Sharks; 
Porpoise. Spiny Lobster, Crabs, etc. Bottled-headed Whale 
(rare species), came ashore near ihe Light House. 

Monster AHigfator. < rocndile t'roiii India. Mon-ter 
Rattlesnake, Scorpion, Centipede. Monster Moccasin Snake. 
Ground Rattle Snake, Coach Whip. Adder, Serpent Lizard or 
Glass Snake, Cobra de Capello from India. 

Alcohol and Mounted Specimens by tlie Hondreds. 
Live Alligators for sale, boxed for shipment. Alligators Artis- 
tically Mounted — all sizes. Birds, Bird Skins, Plumes, 
Feathers, Pompons in great viiriety. Metallic Boxes 
for shipping orange blossoms and flowers for sale. 




DR. J. \t;dder. 



Dr. E. M. Goodrich, 

Northern Dentist ^ ^ 

OF 

+ 25 Years Experience. 

"FFlrK AND KKSIDENCK, 

NORTH ST. QEOROE STREET, 

NEAR rui; rriv c.atis. 



Tlie St. Augustine News Co. 

W DAILY AND WEEKLY EDITIONS. 

TWO OF THE BEST ADVERTISING -:::- 
MEDIUMS IN THE SOUTH. 

Only Daily Paper in St. Johns Co. 

SUBSCRIPTION RATES: 
Daily (Twenty'cight columns ', per annum, $5.00 
Weekly 1 Korty-eight columns ), per annum, $2.00 

FRED W. KETTLE, Editor. 

ST. AUGUSTINE NEWS CO., 

5t. Augustine, Fla. 



D. C. ANORESS, Proprietor. C. A. ANDRESS, Manager. 

THE TRAVELERS EUROPEAN HOTEL. 
Jacksonville, Fla. 

(TWO Itl.OCKS FROM IIF.POTS ANP ISciAV lANnlNl'.S.) 

Rooms 50c., rsc. and $1.00. Regrular Meals: Breakfast 25c.; Dinner 30c.; Supper 25c. 

MKALS SERVED TO OliUEK AT ALL HOIItS. 

Circulars .-ilso at the "Standard Guide" Information Bureau, St. Augustine. 



\/tj//(/trr// Guide .Idvcrtiscr. 



THE FLORIDA, St. Augustine, Florida., 




This hold is upon the highest natural uruund in the crntcr of the city, and the must cunvcincitt i > places of amuMinent 
and interest. With its southern and favuruXle exposure it is the m<Mt thomufchly dr>'. Its (iccuhar ^urroundinK^ shelter it 
from any inclement change^, insuring the enjoyment of l.twn and verandas with safety. 'I'he water used fur drinking and 



Cooking has been long known and remembered for its superiority, anii is the vcr>' best in the city. Fquipped with clevafi*r 

I5-) Buc^t^ Special inducrmcnis to j'ue^t\ fur January a 
J. T. SKILES, Formerly I.tKAV Inn. lite Kskkuls Inn 



_ fi lonff kno 

gat, electric bells and all nioJcrn conveniences. Capacity, 25-) ^lc^t^ Special inducrmcnis to K"<^t\ for January and 
Fcbniary. Open fmm January to .May. 



The Abbey. 

St. Gf.okok Stkkkt, nkak City Gate.s, .St. AuousTixt:, I-'la. 



FIRST-CLASS I.\ IiVERV RESPECT. 

Rates, SI 0.00 to SI 4.00 per week. 

ALSOOK PlKKCl. VlU.A, I OTT.U.l, (in, M.xss. MRS. A. 13. ,VBBR 

REAL ESTATE FOR SALE.' 

Loans Negotiatcil and Investments m.idc. Rents Collected and Taxes Paid for Non-Residents. 

Ituildinijs of all kinds furnished complete by contract or on commissioji. 

IMans and Sptcilications promptly furnished. 

ST. AUGUSTINE IMPROVEMENT CO., 

ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 

OFKIlK. U ARF.lli'l>l ^ ANL> SIlol'S o.\ KI.NG STREET, NEAK L.MOS IlKI'Ol. - n. ■■. \V:\ fKlc.' 

HETH CANFIELI). i W. G. WARDEN. 



Directors : 



\ 



President and Manager, 
E. H. REYNOLDS. 

Secretary and Treasurer. 

c .A.'S'i.'r .A.1^ si'X'oo^, ^100,000 



HETH CANFIELD. 



; JOHN B. WARDEN. 
( E. H. REYNOLDS. 



Staiidanl Guide .Idvcrliscr. 



% /oiMF^^oJhn^ 




ST-i^ 



jGiisr/fVc, 

FlORI DA-. 



December to May 



~r^ 



(,'entrally located. Distilled water for ilrinking. J'erfect sanitary arrangements. 
Hot and cold water l)aths. Electric bells. Liirhted tlironijhont with gas. Terms 
moderate. . W. W. PALMER, Manager. 



St. Augustine and « 

* - South Beach Railway 

Kor 

Anastasia, Jetties, Light House, 
Coquina Quarries, Jack Mound 
and South Beach. 

IIOUKI.V KRONt KIM; 

STREET WHARI-, 

Foot of I'i,.\7..\. 

J^iiw view from boat aiiJ 
train of the City, Harbor, 
Old Fort Marion, the 
Ocean, U. S. Barracks and 
North Beach. 

DON'T MISS IT. 

A. WOOD, 

General Managjer, 

Circulars also at the '^Standard Ouide" Information 




READ 



The Tatler.' 



SOCIETY IN THE SOUTH. 

l-l'ilLlSHEU EVERY SATl'RDAV IN 

ST. AITGIJSTIKE, FLOR.IDA. 

THIRD YE-\R. 

.\ spicy, bright paper of si.\teen pages, giving 

arrivals at the principal hotels in this ami 

neighboring -States, makes personal 

mention, describes social events. 

SCBSCRIPTION, $1 FUR TIIK Se.VSON. 

Single Copies, id Cents. 

SuUl on the trains, in the hotels and news stands. 

For advertising rates and subscription address 

.MRS. ANNA M. MARCOTTE, 

KDITOK AND PROPRIETOR. 

\'isitors to the State are invited to send name 
and journeyings to Editor; all corres- 
pondence strictly confidential. 

P.ureau. St. .Augustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 




-^The >^ Valencia. >- 

Ax addition to St. Auti^ustine's famous group of homes for 
winter guests is the \ ai.excfa, which first opened its 
doors for the season of 1S92. Constructed by the builders of the 
Ponce de Leon, the X'ai.kncia embodies the most perfect hotel 
arrangements of the day. *A11 is homelike and comfortable within, 
and the broad verandas overlook spacious grounds beautiful with 
the orange, the rose and the |)alm. The house is delightfully 
situated on quaint St. George street (south of the Plaza). It is 
conducted by Mrs. Mary Frazer, whose successful management 
has been known to so many St. Augustine visitors during the 
past ten years. 

Address: THE VALENCI.X (Mrs. Marv Frazer), St. Augustine, Fla. 



Standard Guide Advertiser 

Tourists are invited to mii 

themseKes freelv of the ad\'antao^es offered bv the 

Standard Guide Information Bureau, 

Hotel Cordova (King St. Front). St. Augustine, Fla. 

Information concerning St. Augustine or any 

resort m Plorichi or other 
parts ot the South, or any 
railroad or steamshij) hne, 
is cheerlulK' furnished. 

The latest railroad and 
steamship time cards and 
folders, as well as printed 
matter descriptn'e ol the 
\arious resorts, can always 
be obtained at this Bureau, which is maintained 
especialK" lor the accommodation oi tourists, no 
charge whateyer being made for ser\^ices rendered. 




r-j-^-^-j-i.^*- 



This Bureau is in charge of a gentleman thoroughly acquainted with 
all the resorts and transportation lines. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 




The-i-Barchlona 



^ 



Corner of Carrhra and Shvilla Strhhts, 

ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA. 

Beautiful for situation. All modern improvements. Sleeping 

rooms newly furnished. Perfect sanitary arrangements, 

Good family table and home comforts. 

-> OPEN NO\' EMBER TO MAY. h^- 

R. E. HASSELTINE. 

Eight Years at Hasseltine Cottage, 
OPPOSITE Magnolia Hotel. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 
JOS. p. cox. 

THE LYON COnPANY, 

Estatlished 1868. 

Fancy ^ Groceries 

AT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 

AND DEALERS IN 

Hardware, Crockery, Building Materials, 

Etc., Etc. 

LYON BUILDING, 

St. Augustine, Florida. 

OUR SPECIALTY: Fine Groceries for Family Trade. 

G. T. BUNTING, 

riANLFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN 

Furniture, Mattresses & Pillows. 

STOVES AND RANGES. 

Picture Frames, nouldings^2r^*-^ 

^- — ^ and Fancy Cabinet Ware. 

(N. B. — Undertaking Department entirely separate.) 
* + TELEPHONE, Store No. 3. 4- 4- 

Nos. 45 & 52 North Charlotte Street, St. Augustine, Fla. 

Circulars also at the ""Standard Guide" I njortnation Bureau^ St. A iiffustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



"The - St. - George," 



.St. Augustine, Fla. 




"'!«!hflll1^(>' 



->} Corner of St. George Street and the Plaza. •:<- 



Only a few steps from the Ponce de Leon and Casino, the old Ca- 
thedral, Bay, etc., yet is quiet and retired, surrounded by broad lawns. 

The St. George is the most centrally 
located — the most homelike — the pretti- 
est — and altogether the most attractive 
^/n^ Family Hotel in "Ve Ancient Citie." 

With a careful and liberal management, 
a Cuisine of noted and superior excel- 
lence, and efficient Service — it caters to 
people of culture and refinement who appreciate quiet, comfort 
and good living. 




• * * SEND FOR BOOKLET. * * « 



C. D. TYLER, Prop'r. 



Sta7idard Guide Advertiser, 




AN ORMOND DRIVE.— BANKS OF THE HALIFAX. 



HOTEL COQUINA, on the Ocean Beach at ORMOND. 

Among attractions are Drives, Walks, Orange Groves, Boating, Fishint;. and the Halifax River. Good roads for Hicycles. 
Illustrated circulars by applying to SEISER & VININC, MANAGERS. 

LIVE * OAK * INN 

is a cosj', comfortable hotel situated on the siiore of the beautiful Hillsboro River, in 
the old village of NEW SMYRNA. The Inn has been lately furnished and is 
a delightfully pleasant and homelike place. 

^-^crr^S 2.00 per Day. 

Special terms to weekly and permanent guests. 

A. H. ARCHER & CO., * * 



* 



» 



New Smyrna, Fla. 



The R0BBINS& Graham Co. 

Law, Loans and Real Estate, 

TITUSVILLE, FLORIDA. 

Leading Firm of the East Coast. Drop a postal fc^r 
price list of Real Estate bargains. 

Circulars also at the '''Standard Guide''' Information Bureau^ St Augustine. 



Standard iiuidc Advertiser. 

HARLAN i! HOTEL, 

Lake Helen, Volusia Co., Fla. 




HARLAN HOTEL is siiiiaic<l 120 miles Soiiili of (acksonvillL-r high plateau lietwcen St. John's 
River and Atlantic t)ccan; pine forest and orange belt; ilclightful and healthful climate; no frost; table 
and appointments excellent; amusements; rock-well water. Terms, from $2.50 to $3.(XJ [x-r day, and 
from $12.00 to $20.00 per week. Specially moderate rates to permanent guests and those remaining 
two or more weeks. On Atlantic & Western K. R., connecting at Orange City Junction with Jackson- 
ville, T. & K. W. R. R. at Blue Springs Landing with Clyde St. John's River Steamers, and at New 
Smyrna with Jack-innvillc. St. .\u).;ustinc & Indian River K. R. 

From Jacksonville and St. Augustine, and all points on the Eastern Coast of Florida, 
be sure to take the Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Indian River R. R. to New Smyrna, 
thence by Atlantic & Western R. R. only a short distance to Lake Helen. The Atlantic 
& Western is under the same admirable management as the Jacksonville, St. Augustine 
and Indian River R. R. 

MISS S. KEMPE. of the Victoria Hotel, Asbury Park, N. J., Proprietress. 



-« WINTER - PARK, - FLORIDA. *- 

THE i ROGERS. 

Beautifully situated, overlooking lakes, orange groves and town. Near depot, 
churches, post, telegraph offices, etc. 

* * LIQMT, AIRY, WELL FURNISHED ROOMS. * * 

Luxurious beds. Table supplies with the best. Pure soft water on each floor. 
Rates $2.50 to $3.00 Per Day. 

Addiess, A. E. & A. R. ROGERS. 

Circulars also at the "Standard Guide"^ In/ortHation Bureau^ St. Augustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



INDIAN * RIVER * HOTEL, 

^* Titusville, Fla. '^'^ 

^^ — * UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT.* 




On the banks of the river. Fishing and Hunting in Abundance. Guides, 
docs and boats to be had. Rail Road to all points. Telegraph office in the house. 

Rates $2.50 to $3.00. MATHESON & WATSON, Prop's. 

*"" "the plaza," 

Rockledge, » * Florida. 



NEW AND ELEGANT- 



-ACCOMMOD.XTES 300. 



Rates $3.00 per day and upwards. 

S. M. PECK. 



NEW a ROCKLEDGE s HOTEL, 

« ® * Rockledge, Florida, « « ® 

ON THt INDI.VN KIVEK. 

____-.TREADWAY & PUNDERSON, Hanagers,..^ 

(Uf the Stockbridoe Hoise, Stockbridge, Mass, 1 

Rates $3.00 per Day, $15.00 and upward per Week. Enlarged since last season 
and refurnished in best manner. Northern help. 

Circulars also at the '^Standard Guide' In/ormation Bureau, St. Ausustine. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 

"The most mai^nificent and luxuriously appointed, and most perfectly equipped hotel 
in the world." — N. Y. Hotel Register. 




-NEW YORK'S* 

WONDHR OF THE WORLD! 

"■Represents an expenditure of oi'er $3,000,000." — N. V. 'iRibUNE. 

T TOTHL of the Ilip^hcst Class. Located at main 
■^ -"- entrance to Central Park, and fronting on I'ifth 
Avenue antl rifty-cighth and I-'ifty-ninth Streets. iMfth 
Avenue stages and Belt Line horse cars pass the door. 
Terminal station Si.xth Avenue Llevated road within 
half a block. The Hotel is 

ABSOLUTELY FIRE-PROOF. 

Conducted on American and European plans. 

F. A HAMMOND. 

The Drinking Water and Ice used are vaporized and frozen on the premises 
and their purity certified to by Prof. Chas. F. Chandler. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 



Old Saint Augustine: 



Coquina Edition. 




ropyrK'ht IS<13, by E. H. Reynolds. 



XI EVER was volume more fittingly 
^ ^ clothed than Old St. Aitgiisthie in 
the beautiful Coquina Edition. The 
cover is a marvelous reproduction of a 
block of coquina, the native shell-stone 
from which Fort Marion, the City Gate- 
way and old-time walls and dwellings 
were constructed. 

Mr, Reynolds delineates in a clear and graphic 

i\- the shifting- panorama of St. Augustine's 

iiiry. and he has succeeded in writing a little 

VDJume which is full of light, shade and color, 

and one which will be welcomed as an adequate 

memento. — Staiday School Times. 

Illustrated. Price, One Dollar. Sold 
by all the book dealers. Sent postpaid 
by the "Standard Guide" Publishers. 



_^^:.:■ 




-^^■j^l 



%-t^ 




KODn'^GUN 



You may go shooting and get no game, or fishing and catch no fish; but you cannot buy 
a copy of the " Forest and Stream" (this week or next week or any week) without finding it 
brimful of capital sketches of shooting and fishing, and papers on natural history and sports- 
man's travel and experiences, and discussions of yachting and canoeing. A paper for men. 
Sold everywhere. Price lo cents; $4.00 per year. Enlarged to 32 pages. 

BOOKS ON OUTDOOR SPORTS: 

With Fly-Rod and Camera (Samuels), $5; Fly-Rods and Fly-Tackle (Wells), $2.50; American Anglers' 
Book (Norris), $5.50; American Fishes (Goode), $5; Book of the Black Bass (Henshall), $3; Wood- 
craft (Nessmuk), $1; 611 Hints and Points for Sportsmen (Seneca), $1.50; Log Cabins; How to 
Build and Furnish Them (Weeks), $1.50; Camp Life in the W'oods; Tricks of Trapping (Gibson), 
$1; The Still Hunter (Van Dyke), $2; Names and Portrait of Birds which Interest (mnners (Trum- 
bull), $2.50; Wild Fowl Shooting (Leffingwell), $2. 50; F'ield, Cover and Trap-Shooting (Bogardus), 
$2; Dogs; Their Management and Treatment in Disease (Ashmont), $2; Practical Dog Training; 
or Training vs. Breaking (Hammond), $i; House and Pet Dogs, 50 cents; Canoe and Boat Build- 
ing for .Amateurs (Stephens), $2; Small V.achts: Their Design and Construction (Kunhardt), $10. 

We are the largest publishers in America of books on Outdoor Sports. Send for FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 

of our buuks on Angling, Shooting, Hunting, Camp Life, Yachting, Canoeing, Travel, Adventure. 

FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING CO., 318 Broadway, New York. 



F. S. FROST 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 

H. A LAWRENCE. H. C. GARDNER. 

FROST & ADAMS, 

Importers and Wholesale Dealers in 

Artists' Materials, Architects' anil Engineers' Snmilies, MatHeniatical lustrnnieuts, Etc. 



ARTISTS* OUTFITS 

Winsor & Newton's Oil and 
WatiT Colors. 

Tucker & Green's Oil Colors 

Le Mesurier's oil Colons. In 
Duulilc, (,)u.nlrupl_e and Octu- 
ple si/c I lilies. 

F. W. Devoe's Oil Colors. 

Edouard's rn-nch Oil Colors. 

D. & F. Schoenfelds' ( iernian 
Oil Colors. 

)o< 

Ebonizcd PancN, 

Sketch Blucics 

Pl.iquet of all kinds. 

China CoUtri. 

Mtrror> for Dcconiling. 

Artists' Hoxcs. 

Artistic' Brushes. 

Artists' Cinvas. 

Handbooks on Art. 

Studies of all kinds. 

Lustra Painting Materials. 

Itronzes. 

Brocades. 

Send for Catalogue. 



OF EVXRY KIND. 




PICTURE FRAMING. 

Eaglisli, FrcDcli, German and 
Aiencan Canvas 

IN ALL WIDTHS. 

)oi 

And a large and varied 
assortment of goods 
used by Artists, De- 
signers and Draftsmen. 

)o( 

Spangles. 

China for Oecorating. 

ra(>er P.inels. 

'laniboutincs. 
Rcpous-sc Materials. 
Oinvas Sitetchcd. 
Drawini; Instruments. 

r'.H'i- "i-r- 
\ ■ ! ■ 1 , 1-.. 
I ', I , 1' '^.rr, 
M.Uf-n.tls It. I lapestry.ct* 
Kensington Painting Ma 
teriaU. 

37 CORNHILL. BOSTON, MASS. 



Old Saint ylugiistine; 

A Story of Three Centuries, 

By CHAS. B. REYNOLDS. 

THIS is a history of adventure and of conquest, possess- 
ing all the charm of the most exciting romance. By 
the first sweep of his pen the author captivates his readers. 
The most thrilling historical incidents are skillfully grouped, 
and so vividly portrayed, that as one reads, he sees tlie actors 
come and go in quick succession as in a well-played drama. 
Tourists especially should not miss reading this httie volurne, 
crowded as it is with historic facts, the knowledge of which 
will greatly add to the zest of their pleasure. — Christian 



Infclligeiicey. 



Illustrated. I'rice, $r.oo. Sold at all bookstores. 



Standard Guide Advertiser. 





i 




EI Unico 

IS a pretty and altogether 
uni(|ue Shop, situated un- 
\:^\ ^'^^' th.e Great Arch, l)y the 
Round Tower of the Hotel 
Cordox'a. The souvenirs 
sold there, beside being of 
original desicrns, have in- 
herent artistic value and are 
entnx'ly different from the 
articles ordinarily found m "Curiosity Shops." 

This knife is sold only at 

EI Unico. 

It may be had with handle 

Ths a fine saw-cd^i^- r • i A • /^ 1 1 i • i 

oi either Antique Celluloid, 
tJS»' Silver Plate, Ivory, Pearl or Sterling Silver, e 

At El Unico you will also find a carefully selected assortment 
of Books, Stationery, Artists' Materials. 
Fine Candies (in sealed packay^es) and 
Photoijraphs (mounted and unmounted) 
of all parts of Florida. 

El Unico publishes two books of Bier- 
stadt Artotypes — Sunns'/it Pictures of St. I 

. * are carefully packed for ship- 

AllgUSti?ie and Picturesque St. AuilUStiUe. || ment in boxes specially de- 








*****^ 



* 



THE CUT FLOWER •^ + 
4- + DEPARTMENT 



is in charge of competent fior- 
jf ists. I'resh roses and other 
t flowers are al\va)S for sale. 

ORANGE BLOSSOnS 



These Artotypes are unequaled for soft- 
ness of tone and treneral richness of effect. 



signed for the purpose. 



You should buy no souvenirs of the Old City before visiting 



El Unico. 



HOTEL CORDOVA, 

lUmler the Arch by the Round Tower;, 



Standard Guide ^Idvcrtiscr. 




Your trip to 
Florida is in- 
complete if you 
have not visited 
Ormond, 
Daytona, 
New Smyrna, 
Rockledge 
and the 
Pineapple 
Plantations and 
Cocoanut 
Groves of the 
Indian River 
and Lake 
Worth sections. 
Excursion 
tickets on sale 
at all ticket 
offices of the 
Jacksonville, 
St. Augustine 
and 

Indian River 
Railway. 



JU5EPH RICHARDSON, 
Qen'l Poss'gr AKcnt. 



«- 



* 



Atlantic Coast Line 

VIA WASHINGTON. 
SHORT LINE 

BETWEEN 

BOSTON, 

NEW YORK, 

PHILADELPHIA, 

BALTIMORE, 

WASHINGTON, 

'•^^ AND -y^ 

RICHMOND, 

WILMINGTON, 

CHARLESTON, 
BRUNSWICK, SAVANNAH, 

ALBANY, 

THOMASVILLE, 

JACKSONVILLE, 
ST. AUGUSTINE, 

PALATKA, ORMOND, 

ROCKLEDGE, LAKE WORTH, 
SAN FORD, TAMPA, 

PUNTA GORDA. 



All Florida Points and Havana, Cuba. 



^^ 



General Eastern Agency, 229 Broadway, New York. 

Circulart alto at the "Standard Guide" In/frmation Hureau, St. Augustine. 



Composition by C. L. Schember, T8 Duane St., N'. T. Frees of w. McDosiiJ) & Co., 39 Gold St., N. Y. 



^ 



